The Morphophonology of Intraword Codeswitching: Representation and Processing
The Morphophonology of Intraword Codeswitching: Representation and Processing
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DOI：
10.3389/fcomm.2019.00054
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Sara Stefanich;Jennifer Cabrelli;Dustin Hilderman;J. Archibald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sara Stefanich;Jennifer Cabrelli;Dustin Hilderman;J. Archibald
本文对词内代码转换（ICS）现象或单个单词中不同语言的元素（例如词根和词缀）的组合进行了批判性讨论。过去四十年的广泛研究（Poplack，1988；MacSwan，2014；Myers-Scotton，2000）表明 CS 是一种受规则约束的言语实践。虽然词间 CS 已得到广泛证实，但词内语码转换被认为是不可能的（Bandi-Rao & DenDikken，2014；MacSwan & Colina，2014；Poplack，1980）。然而，ICS 最近已被记录在从英语/挪威语（Alexiadou、Lohndal、Afarli 和 Grimstad，2015）到 从纳瓦特尔语/西班牙语（MacSwan，1999）到希腊语/德语（Alexiadou，2017），这是一个强有力的现象。我们回顾了ICS的基础研究，然后从知识和技能的角度审视了这一现象。首先，我们将词内 CS 作为双语 I 语言的一部分进行检查，以确定对该现象的形态和语音限制。我们在分布式形态学（DM）框架（例如，Halle & Marantz，1994）中实施这些限制，其中传统词典被分为三个列表。列表 1 包含词根和语法特征或特征包，而列表 2 和列表 3 分别详细说明语音实现（即词汇插入规则）和语义解释。这里我们探讨具有形态混合的单词是否也具有语音混合的问题。其次，在 DM 机制的基础上，我们通过 MOGUL 的模块化认知表现框架（Truscott & Sharwood Smith，2014）提出了词内 CS 表现的解释。这种模块化架构假设 a) 词汇项由表征链构成，b) 语言外认知机制（例如目标、执行控制）在 ICS 中发挥作用（Green & Abutalebi，2013）。 ICS 是通过双语交流模式获得许可的（遵循 Grosjean，1998 年），其中 CS 的行为本身服务于言外目标；正是现实世界的环境触发了复杂的 CS 系统。因此，将字内 CS 视为一种 I 语言和一种 E 语言现象，提供了动态了解和了解 ICS 现象中表现的解释模型。
This paper serves as a critical discussion of the phenomenon of intraword code-switching (ICS), or the combining of elements (e.g. a root and an affix) from different languages within a single word. Extensive research over the last four decades (Poplack, 1988; MacSwan, 2014; Myers-Scotton, 2000) has revealed CS to be a rule-governed speech practice. While interword CS is widely attested, intraword code-switching has been argued to be impossible (Bandi-Rao & DenDikken, 2014; MacSwan & Colina, 2014; Poplack, 1980).However, ICS has recently been documented in language pairs ranging from English/Norwegian (Alexiadou, Lohndal, Afarli & Grimstad, 2015) to Nahuatl/Spanish (MacSwan, 1999) to Greek/German (Alexiadou, 2017), and is a robust phenomenon.We review the foundational research on ICS, followed by an examination of the phenomenon from the perspectives of knowledge and skill. First, we examine intraword CS as part of a bilingual’s I-language to determine the morphological and phonological restrictions on the phenomenon. We operationalize these restrictions within a Distributed Morphology (DM) framework (e.g., Halle & Marantz, 1994) in which the traditional lexicon is split into three lists. List 1 contains lexical roots and grammatical features or feature bundles, while Lists 2 and 3 detail instructions for phonological realization (i.e., rules for Vocabulary Insertion) and semantic interpretation, respectively. Here we probe the question of whether words which have morphological mixing also have phonological mixing. Second, building on the DM machinery, we present an account for intraword CS in performance via the modular cognitive performance framework of MOGUL (Truscott & Sharwood Smith, 2014). This modular architecture assumes a) that lexical items are constituted by chains of representations and b) that extra-linguistic cognitive mechanisms (e.g. goals, executive control) play a role in ICS (Green & Abutalebi, 2013). ICS is licensed by a bilingual mode of communication (following Grosjean, 1998) where the act of CS itself serves an illocutionary goal; it is the real-world context which triggers the complex CS system. Thus, viewing intraword CS as an I-language and an E-language phenomenon provides an explanatory model of the dynamic knowing that and knowing how which is manifest in the phenomenon of ICS.