The origin of galactic cosmic rays
The origin of galactic cosmic rays
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DOI：
10.1007/s41614-022-00080-6
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发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Siming Liu;H. Zeng;Y. Xin;Yiran Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Siming Liu;H. Zeng;Y. Xin;Yiran Zhang
由于射线天文学的进步和宇宙线(CR)性质的精确测量，在过去的十年里，我们在理解银河系CRS的起源方面取得了重大进展。特别是，GeV CRS与软射线谱的超新星残骸(SNR)有关，而硬射线谱的SNR中有有效的TeV CRR加速的证据。然而，没有从SNR的冲击中检测到超高能(>；50TeV)射线发射，这意味着它们对PeV CR通量的贡献有限。到目前为止，大多数探测到的超高能射线源都与脉冲星风星云(PWNe)有关，脉冲星风星云是已知的PeV电子/正电子加速器。他们对PeV CRS的贡献仍然是一个有争议的问题。另一方面，银河系中心区域和一些星团是PeV CRS的已知来源。CR谱和各向异性的详细模拟表明，产生Geminga脉冲星的超新星可能对TeVCR通量有重大贡献，而PeVCRS在银河系中心方向应该有来自源(S)的重大贡献。
Thanks to advances in-ray astronomy and precise measurements of cosmic ray (CR) properties, the last decade has witnessed significant progresses in our understanding of the origin of Galactic CRs. In particular, GeV CRs have been associated with supernova remnants (SNRs) with soft-ray spectra, while there is evidence of efficient TeV CR acceleration in SNRs with hard-ray spectra. Nevertheless, no ultra-high-energy (>50 TeV)-ray emission has been detected from shocks of SNRs, implying their limited contributions to PeV CR fluxes. Most ultra-high-energy-ray sources detected so far can be associated with pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), that are known PeV electron/positron accelerators. Their contributions to PeV CRs are still a matter of debate. The Galactic center region and some star clusters, on the other hand, are known sources of PeV CRs. Detailed modelings of CR spectra and anisotropy show that the supernova that gave rise to the Geminga pulsar may have significant contributions to TeV CR fluxes, and PeV CRs should have significant contributions from source(s) in the direction of the Galactic center.