Global Climate Change and Human Interferences as Risk Factors, and their Impacts on Geomorphological Features as well as on Farming Practices in Sundarbans Eco-Region
Global Climate Change and Human Interferences as Risk Factors, and their Impacts on Geomorphological Features as well as on Farming Practices in Sundarbans Eco-Region
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全球气候变化和人类干扰作为风险因素及其对孙德尔本斯生态区地貌特征和农业实践的影响
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Raut
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Uttam Kumar Mandal;B. Maji;Sourav Mullick;D. Nayak;K. K. Mahanta;S. Raut
覆盖印度和孟加拉国的孙德尔本斯三角洲资源丰富，人口稠密，经历了许多与各种水文气象过程有关的极端事件。此外，沿海地区的人为活动加剧了环境退化，造成广泛的苦难。在英国殖民时期，孙德尔本斯的大片土地被清理、排干并开垦为耕地，但自20世纪70年代以来，剩下的部分一直受到各种保护制度的保护，以保护各种动植物。利用卫星遥感进行的时空研究表明，虽然红树林的面积范围在最近几年没有太大变化，但海岸线的增加速度有所下降，而近年来海岸线的侵蚀速度保持在较高水平。结果表明，三角洲前缘在1973-2010年期间经历了约170 km2的沿海土地净侵蚀。因此，影响这种变化的各种因素有直接的人为干扰、河流水文的上游发展、气候变化、极端天气事件，包括旋风、潮汐、洪水、海平面上升、盐度入侵等，它们单独或相互作用。这些因素对作为生计安全主要组成部分的农业和水产养殖业的影响进行了讨论。在这一生态区域，有必要将传统的应对做法和智慧与现代科学管理方法结合起来，以减少气候变化和其他自然或人为因素引起的灾害的影响，并控制人类苦难的性质和程度，以改善生计企业，农业和水产养殖是最重要的。
Substantially resourceful and densely populated Sundarbans delta, covering India and Bangladesh, experiences numerous extreme events linked to various hydro-meteorological processes. Further, anthropogenic activities in the coastal zones are accentuating environmental degradation causing wide spread suffering. While large tracts of the Sundarbans were cleared, drained and reclaimed for cultivation during the British colonial era, the remaining parts have been under various protection regimes since 1970s to protect the various flora and fauna. Spatio-temporal study using satellite remote sensing showed, while the mangroves’ areal extent has not changed much in the recent past, accretion rate of coastline has declined as against erosion rate which has remained relatively high in the recent years. As a result, the delta front has undergone a net erosion of ~170 km2 of coastal land during 1973–2010. Thus, the various factors affecting such changes are direct human interference, upstream development in the river hydrology, climate change, extreme weather events including cyclones, tidal surges, floods, sea level rise, salinity intrusion, etc. acting individually or through their interactions. Impact of such factors on agriculture and aquaculture being the main components towards livelihood security has been discussed. There is a need for integration of traditional coping practices and wisdoms with modern scientific management approach in this eco-region to reduce the effects of climate change- and other natural or human factor-induced disasters, and arrest nature and extent of human sufferings for improvement of livelihood enterprises, agriculture and aquaculture being the most important.