Sex difference in the near-24-hour intrinsic period of the human circadian timing system
Sex difference in the near-24-hour intrinsic period of the human circadian timing system
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1010666108
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发表时间：
2011-09-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Czeisler, Charles A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duffy, Jeanne F.;Cain, Sean W.;Czeisler, Charles A.
女性的褪黑激素和体温的昼夜节律比男性早，即使女性和男性保持几乎相同和一致的就寝时间和起床时间。此外，女性往往比男性早起，并且比男性更喜欢早晨的活动。虽然这种昼夜节律调整的性别差异背后的神经生物学机制尚不清楚，但在非人类动物中进行的多项研究表明，昼夜节律周期的性别差异可以解释女性和男性之间昼夜节律调整的差异。人类内在昼夜节律周期的性别差异是否是男性和女性之间昼夜节律调整差异的基础尚不清楚。我们分析了从157名患者（52名女性，105名男性;年龄18-74岁）中收集的固有昼夜节律周期的精确估计值，这些患者在为期一个月的住院协议中进行了研究，旨在最大限度地减少对昼夜节律周期估计的混淆影响。总体而言，该人群中褪黑激素和温度节律的平均固有周期非常接近24 h [24.15 +/- 0.2 h（24 h 9 min +/- 12 min）]。我们进一步发现，女性的固有昼夜节律周期明显较短[24.09 +/- 0.2 h（24小时5分钟+/- 12分钟）]比男性[24.19 +/- 0.2小时（24小时11分钟+/- 12分钟）; P < 0.01]，并且更大比例的女性具有短于24.0小时的固有昼夜节律周期（35%对14%; P < 0.01）。在女性中观察到的较短的平均内在昼夜节律周期可能对理解习惯性睡眠持续时间和失眠患病率的性别差异有影响。
The circadian rhythms of melatonin and body temperature are set to an earlier hour in women than in men, even when the women and men maintain nearly identical and consistent bedtimes and wake times. Moreover, women tend to wake up earlier than men and exhibit a greater preference for morning activities than men. Although the neurobiological mechanism underlying this sex difference in circadian alignment is unknown, multiple studies in nonhuman animals have demonstrated a sex difference in circadian period that could account for such a difference in circadian alignment between women and men. Whether a sex difference in intrinsic circadian period in humans underlies the difference in circadian alignment between men and women is unknown. We analyzed precise estimates of intrinsic circadian period collected from 157 individuals (52 women, 105 men; aged 18-74 y) studied in a month-long inpatient protocol designed to minimize confounding influences on circadian period estimation. Overall, the average intrinsic period of the melatonin and temperature rhythms in this population was very close to 24 h [24.15 +/- 0.2 h (24 h 9 min +/- 12 min)]. We further found that the intrinsic circadian period was significantly shorter in women [24.09 +/- 0.2 h (24 h 5 min +/- 12 min)] than in men [24.19 +/- 0.2 h (24 h 11 min +/- 12 min); P < 0.01] and that a significantly greater proportion of women have intrinsic circadian periods shorter than 24.0 h (35% vs. 14%; P < 0.01). The shorter average intrinsic circadian period observed in women may have implications for understanding sex differences in habitual sleep duration and insomnia prevalence.