Indoor and Outdoor Exposure to PM2.5 during COVID-19 Lockdown in Suburban Malaysia
Indoor and Outdoor Exposure to PM2.5 during COVID-19 Lockdown in Suburban Malaysia
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DOI：
10.4209/aaqr.2020.07.0476
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发表时间：
2021-03-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Khan, Md Firoz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ezani, Eliani;Brimblecombe, Peter;Khan, Md Firoz
在COVID-19疫情期间，主要政策旨在减少接触病毒，包括社交距离、旅行限制以及严格执行封锁。然而，COVID-19限制要求人们花更多时间在家，因此空气污染物的暴露转移到来自家庭内部，而不是户外或工作场所环境。本研究旨在探讨马来西亚郊区封锁干预对室内和室外PM2.5暴露平衡的影响。我们还计算了室内和室外PM2. 5暴露的潜在健康风险，以在COVID-19封锁期间（当地称为移动控制命令（MCO））在不同微环境中进行个人暴露评估。实施多项管制措施后，室外PM2.5浓度的日平均值略有下降（中位数为12.63 μ g m（-3）之前和11.72 μ g m（-3））。在这里考虑的马来西亚公寓中，烹饪导致COVID-19封锁期间PM2.5浓度增加（最大平均浓度为52.2 μ g m（-3））导致暴露量大幅增加。据估计，呆在室内对健康的额外风险约为肺癌的25%。因此，在封锁状态下，室内的细颗粒物暴露可能会增加，因此，认为通过减少室外污染物挽救的生命比大流行中失去的生命更多可能还为时过早。不幸的是，人们对室内颗粒物的毒性以及人们增加在家工作或呆在室内的时间所导致的暴露类型知之甚少，特别是在封锁期间。
During the COVID-19 pandemic, key policies aimed at reducing exposure to the virus from social distancing, restrictions on travel through to strongly enforced lockdowns. However, COVID-19 restrictions required people to spend more time at home so the exposure to air pollutants shifted to being derived from that of domestic interiors, rather than outdoors or the workplace environment. This study aims to characterise the influence of lockdown intervention on the balance of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 exposure in a Malaysian suburb. We also calculate the potential health risk from exposure to both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 to give context to personal exposure assessment in different microenvironments during the COVID-19 lockdown, known locally as Movement Control Orders (MCO). The implementation of the MCOs slightly reduced daily average of outdoor PM2.5 concentrations (median of 12.63 mu g m(-3) before and 11.72 mu g m(-3)). In the Malaysian apartment considered here, cooking led to a substantial increase in exposure from increasing concentrations in PM2.5 during a COVID-19 lockdown (maximum average concentration at 52.2 mu g m(-3)). The estimated excess risk to health was about 25% for lung cancer from staying indoor. Thus, there seems a potential for greater exposure to fine particles indoors under lockdown, so it is likely premature to suggest that more lives were saved through a reduction of outdoor pollutants than lost in the pandemic. Unfortunately, little is known about the toxicity of indoor particles and the types of exposures that result where people increase the amount of time they spend working from home or staying indoors, especially during periods of lockdown.