Edge-of-field research to quantify the impacts of agricultural practices on water quality in Ohio
Edge-of-field research to quantify the impacts of agricultural practices on water quality in Ohio
复制标题
野外研究量化农业实践对俄亥俄州水质的影响
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
N. Fausey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mark R. Williams;K. King;W. Ford;N. Fausey
当定居者第一次到达俄亥俄州中部和西北部时，他们遇到了广阔的森林湿地。许多人将这些沼泽视为繁荣的障碍，并开始通过拉直和疏浚河道以及安装地下排水系统去除多余的水来排干沼泽（Blann 等，2009）。这些景观的排水是一项著名的成就，因为几个世纪以来，这些沼泽中积累的腐烂植被创造了富含有机物的土壤，是世界上生产力最高的土壤之一。如果没有排水系统，就无法维持农业生产来满足全球人口不断增长的需求（Tilman 等，2011）。排水可以降低因过度用水压力而导致作物损失的风险，在气候变化的情况下提供更均匀的作物生产，使农民能够更好地控制田间作业，并降低作物对病虫害的易感性（King et al. 2015）。然而，排水还通过地下通道增加了溪流和农田之间的水文连通性（King et al. 2014）。因此，氮 (N) 和磷 (P) 等农业污染物通过地下排水沟流至受纳水体，这些负荷对水质产生有害影响（Smith 等，2015）。今天，大约 150 年了……
When settlers first reached central and northwestern Ohio, they encountered sprawling forested wetlands. Many viewed these swamps as a barrier to prosperity and began to drain them by straightening and dredging stream channels and by installing subsurface drainage to remove excess water (Blann et al. 2009). Draining of these landscapes was a celebrated accomplishment since centuries of decaying vegetation that accumulated in these swamps had created organic-rich soils that are some of the most productive in the world. Without drainage, it would not be feasible to sustain agricultural production to meet the demands of a growing global population (Tilman et al. 2011). Drainage reduces the risk of crop loss from excess water stress, provides more uniform crop production amidst climate variability, gives farmers more control over field operations, and reduces crop susceptibility to pests and disease (King et al. 2015). Drainage, however, also increases the hydrologic connectivity between streams and agricultural fields through subsurface pathways (King et al. 2014). As a result, agricultural pollutants, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), flow through subsurface tile drains to receiving water bodies where these loadings have been linked to deleterious impacts on water quality (Smith et al. 2015). Today, approximately 150 years…