Assessing solvation effects on chemical reactions with globally optimized solvent clusters.

Assessing solvation effects on chemical reactions with globally optimized solvent clusters.
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使用全局优化的溶剂簇评估溶剂化对化学反应的影响

DOI:
10.1002/cphc.201300323
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
B. Hartke
B. Hartke
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
B. Hartke

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我们通过静态量子化学计算研究了水溶剂对氯甲烷与氨的 Menshutkin 反应的影响。我们在混合显式/隐式溶剂模型中,在反应中心周围采用了大型、显式且全局结构优化的水簇。这种方法故意偏离了捕获反应中心周围最可能的溶剂分子分布的尝试。相反,它探索了相对于反应进程本身而言,周围溶剂簇的重排速度的极端程度。与传统理论和实验结果的比较使我们能够量化由于水团簇无法瞬时且完全跟随反应进程而引起的能量损失。此外,水簇对反应能量分布的影响可能比仅仅稍微改变它大得多。某些簇可以完全消灭 23.5 kcal mol−1 的相当大的活​​化势垒。
We have examined the influence of water solvent on the Menshutkin reaction of methyl chloride with ammonia by performing static, quantum chemical calculations. We have employed large, explicit, and globally structure‐optimized water clusters around the reaction center, in a mixed explicit/implicit solvent model. This approach deliberately deviates from attempts to capture the most likely solvent‐molecule distribution around a reaction center. Instead, it explores extremes on the scale of rearrangement speed in terms of the surrounding solvent cluster, relative to the reaction progress itself. A comparison to traditional theoretical and experimental results enables us to quantify the energy penalty that is induced by the inability of the water cluster to instantaneously and completely follow the reaction progress. In addition, the influence of water clusters on the reaction energy profile can be much larger than merely changing it somewhat. Certain clusters can completely annihilate the sizeable activation barrier of 23.5 kcal mol−1.
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