Emission factor for atmospheric ammonia from a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant in South China.
Emission factor for atmospheric ammonia from a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant in South China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.082
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Chunlin Zhang;Xuesong Geng;Hao Wang;Lei Zhou;Boguang Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chunlin Zhang;Xuesong Geng;Hao Wang;Lei Zhou;Boguang Wang
大气氨（NH3）是空气中常见的碱性气体，在大气化学中起着重要作用，例如在二次颗粒物的形成中。然而，废水处理厂（WWTP）等非农业来源的氨排放量估计仍存在很大的不确定性。在这项研究中，从一个大型污水处理厂采用三种典型的生物处理技术来处理污水在中国南方的氨排放因子计算使用美国环保署的WATER 9模型与三年的原污水测量和有关设施的信息。对于吸附-生物降解活性污泥处理工艺、UNITANK工艺（序批式活性污泥处理工艺的升级）和两种略有不同的厌氧-缺氧-好氧处理工艺，计算的单个排放因子分别为0.15 ± 0.03、0.24 ± 0.05、0.29 ± 0.06和0.25 ± 0.05 g NH3 m − 3污水。污水处理厂的总排放系数为0.24 ± 0.06 g NH3 m − 3污水。废水进水pH值可能是影响氨氮排放的重要因素，因为较高的pH值存在较高的排放因子。根据本研究得出的氨排放系数，2006年中国南方珠江三角洲（珠三角）城市地区的氨排放量中，污水处理约占4%，远低于以往研究估计的34%。为了减少中国氨排放量估算中的不确定性，需要进行更多的实地测量。
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3), a common alkaline gas found in air, plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry, such as in the formation of secondary particles. However, large uncertainties remain in the estimation of ammonia emissions from nonagricultural sources, such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, the ammonia emission factors from a large WWTP utilizing three typical biological treatment techniques to process wastewater in South China were calculated using the US EPA's WATER9 model with three years of raw sewage measurements and information about the facility. The individual emission factors calculated were 0.15 ± 0.03, 0.24 ± 0.05, 0.29 ± 0.06, and 0.25 ± 0.05 g NH3m−3sewage for the adsorption-biodegradation activated sludge treatment process, the UNITANK process (an upgrade of the sequencing batch reactor activated sludge treatment process), and two slightly different anaerobic-anoxic-oxic treatment processes, respectively. The overall emission factor of the WWTP was 0.24 ± 0.06 g NH3m−3sewage. The pH of the wastewater influent is likely an important factor affecting ammonia emissions, because higher emission factors existed at higher pH values. Based on the ammonia emission factor generated in this study, sewage treatment accounted for approximately 4% of the ammonia emissions for the urban area of South China's Pearl River Delta (PRD) in 2006, which is much less than the value of 34% estimated in previous studies. To reduce the large uncertainty in the estimation of ammonia emissions in China, more field measurements are required.