Neurobiology of decision-making: risk and reward.
Neurobiology of decision-making: risk and reward.
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DOI：
10.1053/scnp.2001.22927
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bechara, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bechara, A
有双侧前额叶腹内侧(VM)损害的神经科患者通常否认，或者他们没有意识到自己有问题。此外，他们经常追求在短期内带来一些回报的行动，尽管会产生严重的长期后果，如失去工作、家园和家庭。体细胞标记物假说解释了决策过程中的这一缺陷，它假设这种损害是体细胞标记物激活缺陷的结果，这些体细胞标记物通常作为隐蔽或公开的标志，帮助做出对有机体有利的选择的过程。躯体状态的失败是由于神经系统的功能障碍造成的，而VM皮质是神经系统中的一个关键区域。然而，其他神经区域，包括杏仁核和躯体感觉皮质(SI、SII和脑岛)也被假设为同一神经系统的组成部分。最近的证据表明，物质滥用者患有类似于VM损害患者的决策缺陷。因此，用于研究神经病患者决策的策略对理解包括成瘾和病理性赌博在内的几种神经精神障碍具有直接意义。
Neurological patients with bilateral ventromedial (VM) lesions of the prefrontal cortex often deny, or they are not aware that they have a problem. Furthermore, they often pursue actions that bring some reward in the immediate run, despite severe long-term consequences such as the loss of job, home, and family. The somatic marker hypothesis, which provides an account of this defect in decision-making, posits that the impairment is the result of defective activation of somatic markers that normally function as covert or overt signposts for helping with the process of making choices that are advantageous to the organism. Failure to enact somatic states results from dysfunction in a neural system in which the VM cortex is one critical region. However, other neural regions, including the amygdala, and somatosensory cortices (SI, SII, and insula) are also hypothesized to be components of that same neural system. Recent evidence reveals that substance abusers suffer from decision-making deficit akin to that seen with patients with VM lesions. Thus, the strategies used to study decision-making in neurological patients have direct implications for understanding several neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction and pathological gambling.