Life-history strategies in parasitoid wasps: a comparative analysis of 'ovigeny'
Life-history strategies in parasitoid wasps: a comparative analysis of 'ovigeny'
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00507.x
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Kidd, NAC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jervis, MA;Heimpel, GE;Kidd, NAC
1. 关注拟寄生蜂生活史策略的生态学家们最近把注意力集中在雌性进入环境时成熟的最大潜在终身卵补体比例的种间变化上。具有所有这些补体的物种在出现时就成熟了，被称为“前卵生”，而那些不具备补体的物种被称为“顺卵生”。我们记录并量化了28科638种拟寄生蜂卵成熟模式的多样性。我们通过设计一个定量指数来检验一系列关于“卵生”变异和可能的生活史相关的假设——雌性出现时最大潜在终生补体的比例。顺生，我们定义为至少有一些未成熟的卵子出现，被发现是迄今为止主要的卵子成熟模式（98.12%的物种）。即使在我们的物种样本中考虑到一些分类学上的偏差，亲卵性在拟寄生蜂中也是罕见的。有强有力的证据表明，拟寄生蜂的卵生指数具有连续性，从亲卵生（卵生指数= 1）到极同卵生（卵生指数= 0）。正如预测的那样，同卵发生的物种比促卵发生的物种寿命更长，而且不同寄生蜂类群的促卵指数和寿命呈负相关，这表明在成虫早期集中生殖努力的生命成本。有模棱两可的证据表明，寄主取食（即成年黄蜂对寄主血淋巴和/或组织的消耗）仅限于同生寄生蜂。从我们的分析中也不能确定宿主摄食是否与相对较低的卵黄指数有关。正如预测的那样，鸡蛋的吸收能力集中在富含蛋黄的鸡蛋的生产者身上。此外，它与低排卵指数趋势有关的假设也得到了支持。产富含蛋黄的卵的拟寄生物也表现出比产缺乏蛋黄的卵的物种更低的产卵指数。卵生指数似乎与寄生性发育模式（koinobiosis-idiobiosis）有关。我们的结论是，“卵生”是一个普遍适用于昆虫的概念。
1. Ecologists concerned with life-history strategies of parasitoid wasps have recently focused on interspecific variation in the fraction of the maximum potential lifetime egg complement that is mature when the female emerges into the environment. Species that have all of this complement mature upon emergence are termed 'pro-ovigenic', while those that do not are termed 'synovigenic'. We document and quantify the diversity of egg maturation patterns among 638 species of parasitoid wasps from 28 families.2. We test a series of hypotheses concerning variation in 'ovigeny' and likely life-history correlates by devising a quantitative index - the proportion of the maximum potential lifetime complement that is mature upon female emergence.3. Synovigeny, which we define as emerging with at least some immature eggs, was found to be by far the predominant egg maturation pattern (98.12% of species). Even allowing for some taxonomic bias in our sample of species, pro-ovigeny is rare among parasitoid wasps.4. There is strong evidence for a predicted continuum in ovigeny index among parasitoid wasps, from pro-ovigenic (ovigeny index = 1) to extremely synovigenic species (ovigeny index = 0).5. As predicted, synovigenic species are longer-lived than pro-ovigenic ones, and ovigeny index and life span are negatively correlated across parasitoid taxa, suggesting a life span cost of concentrating reproductive effort early in adult life.6. There is equivocal evidence that host feeding (i.e, consumption of host haemolymph and/or tissues by adult wasps) is confined to synovigenic parasitoid wasps. It is also not certain from our analyses whether host feeding is associated with a relatively low ovigeny index.7. As predicted, egg resorption capability is concentrated among producers of yolk-rich eggs. Also, the hypothesis that it is associated with a tendency towards a low ovigeny index is supported. Parasitoid species that produce yolk-rich eggs also exhibit a lower ovigeny index than species that produce yolk-deficient eggs.8. Ovigeny index appears to be linked to parasitoid development mode (koinobiosis-idiobiosis).9. We conclude that 'ovigeny' is a concept applicable to insects generally.