How stable are personalities? A multivariate view of behavioural variation over long and short timescales in the sheepshead swordtail, Xiphophorus birchmanni
How stable are personalities? A multivariate view of behavioural variation over long and short timescales in the sheepshead swordtail, Xiphophorus birchmanni
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-014-1692-0
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Wilson, Alastair J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boulton, Kay;Grimmer, Andrew J.;Wilson, Alastair J.
许多研究揭示了行为特征的可重复（个体）差异与动物个性的变化一致;然而，这些研究通常使用在单个采样期内收集的数据进行，最常见的是观察之间的时间间隔很短。因此，尚不清楚在较长的时间尺度和（或）多个采样期内，人口一级的行为变化模式是否稳定，也不清楚个人在其一生中是否保持一致的行为（和（或）个性）排名。在这里，我们解决这些问题，在一个圈养繁殖的人口的热带淡水poeciliid鱼，剑尾鱼birchmanni。使用多变量方法，我们估计了一组在两个不同的实验环境（旷场试验，出现和探索试验）中重复测定的行为特征的长期（56天的观察间隔）和短期（4天的观察间隔）时间段的个体方差-协方差矩阵（I）。在长期和短期的数据集，我们发现，性状是可重复的，我的相关结构是一致的大胆的变化的潜在轴。虽然在短期研究中，个体特征对大胆和更高重复性的倾向的贡献方式存在一些质的差异，但总体而言，我们发现在两个时间框架内，个体行为（协）方差的人群水平模式大致相似。在个人层面上，我们发现证据表明，短期研究可以为个人的行为表型提供更长时间（如一生）的信息。然而，统计支持有点混合，至少对于一些观察到的行为，个人业绩的相对排名在数据集之间变化很大。
Many studies have revealed repeatable (among-individual) variance in behavioural traits consistent with variation in animal personality; however, these studies are often conducted using data collected over single sampling periods, most commonly with short time intervals between observations. Consequently, it is not clear whether population-level patterns of behavioural variation are stable across longer timescales and/or multiple sampling periods or whether individuals maintain consistent ranking of behaviours (and/or personality) over their lifetimes. Here, we address these questions in a captive-bred population of a tropical freshwater poeciliid fish, Xiphophorus birchmanni. Using a multivariate approach, we estimate the among-individual variance-covariance matrix (I), for a set of behavioural traits repeatedly assayed in two different experimental contexts (open-field trials, emergence and exploration trials) over long-term (56 days between observations) and short-term (4-day observation interval) time periods. In both long- and short-term data sets, we find that traits are repeatable and the correlation structure of I is consistent with a latent axis of variation in boldness. While there are some qualitative differences in the way individual traits contribute to boldness and a tendency towards higher repeatabilities in the short-term study, overall, we find that population-level patterns of among-individual behavioural (co)variance to be broadly similar over both time frames. At the individual level, we find evidence that short-term studies can be informative for an individual's behavioural phenotype over longer (e.g. lifetime) periods. However, statistical support is somewhat mixed and, at least for some observed behaviours, relative rankings of individual performance change significantly between data sets.