Mapping continued brain growth and gray matter density reduction in dorsal frontal cortex: Inverse relationships during postadolescent brain maturation
Mapping continued brain growth and gray matter density reduction in dorsal frontal cortex: Inverse relationships during postadolescent brain maturation
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.21-22-08819.2001
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发表时间：
2001-11-15
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Toga, AW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sowell, ER;Thompson, PM;Toga, AW
最近在体内的结构成像研究表明，空间和时间模式的大脑成熟之间的童年，青春期，和年轻的成年人，通常是一致的细胞成熟的事件，如增加髓鞘和突触修剪的死后研究。在这项研究中，我们对一组35名正常发育的儿童、青少年和年轻人的大脑皮质表面的生长和灰质密度进行了详细的空间和时间分析。为了实现这一点，我们使用了高分辨率磁共振成像和新的计算图像分析技术。这是第一次，在这份报告中，我们绘制了持续postadolescent大脑的增长，主要发生在背侧的额叶双边和后颞枕交界双边。值得注意的是，地图的空间分布的postadolescent皮质灰质密度减少的空间分布的postadolescent大脑生长的地图是高度一致的，显示皮质灰质密度减少和大脑生长之间的反比关系，主要是在控制执行认知功能的上级额叶区域。反向关系在后颞枕交界处不那么稳健，尽管在青春期和成年期之间这些区域的大脑发育较晚，但灰质密度降低不那么突出。儿童期和青少年期的总体脑生长并不显著，但在背顶叶和额叶皮层中观察到灰质密度降低和脑生长之间的密切空间关系。这些结果表明，进步的细胞成熟的事件，如髓鞘形成增加，可能发挥突出的作用，在青春期后的几年作为回归事件，如突触修剪，在确定最终的成熟额叶皮质灰质的密度。
Recent in vivo structural imaging studies have shown spatial and temporal patterns of brain maturation between childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood that are generally consistent with postmortem studies of cellular maturational events such as increased myelination and synaptic pruning. In this study, we conducted detailed spatial and temporal analyses of growth and gray matter density at the cortical surface of the brain in a group of 35 normally developing children, adolescents, and young adults. To accomplish this, we used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and novel computational image analysis techniques. For the first time, in this report we have mapped the continued postadolescent brain growth that occurs primarily in the dorsal aspects of the frontal lobe bilaterally and in the posterior temporo-occipital junction bilaterally. Notably, maps of the spatial distribution of postadolescent cortical gray matter density reduction are highly consistent with maps of the spatial distribution of postadolescent brain growth, showing an inverse relationship between cortical gray matter density reduction and brain growth primarily in the superior frontal regions that control executive cognitive functioning. Inverse relationships are not as robust in the posterior temporo-occipital junction where gray matter density reduction is much less prominent despite late brain growth in these regions between adolescence and adulthood. Overall brain growth is not significant between childhood and adolescence, but close spatial relationships between gray matter density reduction and brain growth are observed in the dorsal parietal and frontal cortex. These results suggest that progressive cellular maturational events, such as increased myelination, may play as prominent a role during the postadolescent years as regressive events, such as synaptic pruning, in determining the ultimate density of mature frontal lobe cortical gray matter.