Between compassion and racism: how the biopolitics of neoliberal welfare turns citizens into affective ‘idiots’
Between compassion and racism: how the biopolitics of neoliberal welfare turns citizens into affective ‘idiots’
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在同情与种族主义之间：新自由主义福利的生命政治如何将公民变成情感上的“白痴”
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Kaika
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Kaika
种族主义和仇外心理的急剧增加，以及慈善事业和慈善事业的增加，标志着欧洲对经济危机社会后果的两面反应。本文超越了种族主义/仇外心理与慈善/慈善二元论，认为这些看似对立的反应比我们想象的有更多的共同点。(1) 两者都是同样分裂和“他者”的做法。种族主义把人变成非人化的实体，以便能够仇恨他们，而慈善把人变成依赖的对象，以便能够提供援助。(2) 这两种反应都是强烈的情感反应，但又与政治无关，因为人们失去了政治能动性，因为他们充满了恐惧和不安全感;当社会团结和福利提供从集体责任变成私人事务时，公民变成了负债累累的非政治对象。当住房、医疗保健等主要通过私人贷款和抵押贷款市场获得时，私人福利债务就成为了一种生物政治工具，它将劳动力纳入了动荡的金融投机行为，并将公民变成了充满恐惧的“白痴”，即只能关心自己私事的个人。理解私有化福利和家庭债务增加的生物政治学作为推动公民转变为“白痴”的过程，使我们能够超越慈善与种族主义的虚假困境，寻求团结的政治。
ABSTRACT A sharp increase in racism and xenophobia, alongside an increase in philanthropy and charity, mark Europe’s Janus-faced reaction to the social consequences of the economic crisis. This paper goes beyond the racism/xenophobia vs. charity/philanthropy dualism, arguing that these seemingly antithetical responses have more in common than we may think. (1) Both are equally divisive and ‘othering’ practices. Whilst racism transforms human beings into de-humanized entities in order to be able to hate them, charity transforms human beings into dependent objects in order to be able to offer aid. (2) Both are strongly affective yet deeply apolitical reactions of people who lose their political agency as they become imbued with fear and insecurity; of citizens who turned into indebted apolitical objects, when social solidarity and welfare provision turned from a collective responsibility into a private affair. When housing, healthcare, etc. became accessible mainly through private loans and mortgage markets, private welfare debt became the biopolitical tool that enrolled the workforce into volatile financial speculative practices and turned citizens into fear-imbued ‘idiots’, i.e. private individuals who can only care for their private matters. Understanding the biopolitics of privatized welfare and increased household debt as the process that drives this transformation of citizens into ‘idiots’ allows us to move beyond the false dilemma of charity vs. racism, in search of a politics of solidarity.
日常债务和信贷
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Deville J
通讯作者：
Deville J