Cellular communication and bystander effects: a critical review for modelling low-dose radiation action
Cellular communication and bystander effects: a critical review for modelling low-dose radiation action
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DOI：
10.1016/s0027-5107(02)00010-6
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发表时间：
2002-04-25
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Sapora, O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ballarini, F;Biaggi, M;Sapora, O
鉴于低剂量风险模型的发展，收集并严格评估了表明发生“旁观者效应”（即未被辐射穿过的细胞中的损伤诱导）的现有数据。尽管潜在的机制在很大程度上是未知的，但细胞通讯似乎起着关键作用。在此背景下，总结了细胞通信的主要特征，并报道和讨论了一些关于旁观者效应的代表性研究。确定了三种主要方法：(1)用极低剂量的光离子对细胞培养物进行常规照射；(2)微束探针辐照单细胞；(3)用辐照条件培养基（ICM）处理，即用从辐照培养物中提取的培养基饲喂未暴露的细胞。在这三个病例中都发现了不同类型的旁观者损伤（例如细胞杀伤、基因突变和基因表达改变）的迹象。讨论了研究者提出的解释，并概述了特定实验条件下可能引入的偏差。提出了新的论点和实验，其主要目的是获得定量信息，以便纳入低剂量辐射作用模型。分析了解释低剂量数据和在细胞和超细胞水平上模拟低剂量效应（包括癌症诱导）的意义。讨论了可能与其他低剂量特异性现象，如适应性反应（AR）（即低剂量诱导对后续辐照的抗性）的协同作用。(C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
Available data suggesting the occurrence of "bystander effects" (i.e. damage induction in cells not traversed by radiation) were collected and critically evaluated, in view of the development of low-dose risk models. Although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, cellular communication seems to play a key role. In this context, the main features of cellular communication were summarised and a few representative studies on bystander effects were reported and discussed. Three main approaches were identified: (1) conventional irradiation of cell cultures with very low doses of light ions; (2) irradiation of single cells with microbeam probes; (3) treatment with irradiated conditioned medium (ICM), i.e. feeding of unexposed cells with medium taken from irradiated cultures. Indication of different types of bystander damage (e.g. cell killing, gene mutations and modifications in gene expression) has been found in each of the three cases. The interpretations proposed by the investigators were discussed and possible biases introduced by specific experimental conditions were outlined. New arguments and experiments were suggested, with the main purpose of obtaining quantitative information to be included in models of low-dose radiation action. Implications in interpreting low-dose data and modelling low-dose effects at cellular and supra-cellular level, including cancer induction, were analysed. Possible synergism with other low-dose specific phenomena such as adaptive response (AR) (i.e. low-dose induced resistance to subsequent irradiation) was discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.