Fluctuations in the year classes of important food fishes
Fluctuations in the year classes of important food fishes
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重要食用鱼类年份等级的波动
DOI：
10.1093/icesjms/1.1.5
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发表时间：
1926
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
J. Hjort
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hjort
从最早的时候起，渔业所有部门的一个特征就是每年各自的产量波动。美国的鲭鱼渔业、法国的沙丁鱼渔业和挪威所有重要渔业的历史，都证明了这些国家的渔获物产量和渔民的生活资料的巨大波动。并提出了无数的假说和建议作为解释。最早试图解释渔业波动的尝试，自然是以这样一个事实为出发点：在沿海沃茨并不总是能找到鱼。这些事实产生了移民理论，几个世纪以来，关于这种移民的范围和不规则性的幻想在公众讨论中发挥了很大作用。在过去的50年里，人们对海洋和海洋生物的知识大量增加，这部分是通过伟大的海洋学探险获得的经验，部分是通过对鱼类和鱼类的系统生物学调查，逐渐改变了这些大规模迁徙理论的整个基础。通过对不同地理区域内鱼类种族特征的研究，人们逐渐认识到，某一物种的分布区域与该物种个体的洄游区域并不一致。换句话说，所有重要的鱼类物种都被细分为许多种群，这些种群可以从形态学上进行分类。
From the earliest times a characteristic feature in all branches of the fishing industry has been the fluctuation of the respective yields from year to year. The history of the mackerel fishery of the United States, the sardine fishery of France, and all the important Norwegian fisheries gives a long series of demonstrations of great fluctuations in the yield of the catch and in the means of subsistence of the fishermen in these countries.For centuries these fluctuations have occupied the minds of the fishing population, and innumerable hypotheses and suggestions have been put forward by way of explanation. The earliest attempts at an explanation of the fluctuations in the fisheries naturally took as their starting point the fact that the fish were not always to be found in the coastal waters. These facts gave rise to the theory of migrations, and fantastic ideas about the extent and irregularity of such migrations have for centuries played a great part in the public discussion. The enormously increased knowledge of the sea, and of life in the sea, that has accumulated during the last fifty years—partly through the experience gained by the great oceanographic expeditions, and partly from the systematic biological investigations of fish and fisheries—have gradually changed the whole foundation of these theories of enormous migrations. Through the studies of the racial characters of the fish in different geographically defined areas, the understanding gained ground that the area of distribution of a certain species did not coincide with the area of migration of the individuals belonging to the species. In other words, that all the important species of fish were subdivided into a number of populations, which can be morphologically