Fungal Identification Using Molecular Tools: A Primer for the Natural Products Research Community.
Fungal Identification Using Molecular Tools: A Primer for the Natural Products Research Community.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01085
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发表时间：
2017-03-24
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Oberlies NH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Raja HA;Miller AN;Pearce CJ;Oberlies NH
真菌在形态学、生态学、代谢学和遗传学上是多样的。已知它们产生许多生物活性分子，这使得它们对于天然产物研究人员在寻求发现农业，工业和制药应用的新化学多样性方面非常有用。尽管它们在天然产物化学中的重要性，但真菌的鉴定对于化学家来说仍然是一项艰巨的任务，特别是那些不与训练有素的真菌学家一起工作的人。本文综述了真菌分子鉴定的最新进展，为天然产物研究者提供参考。特别讨论了（1）在真菌种水平鉴定中仅使用形态学存在的问题，（2）在真菌鉴定中最常用的三个核核糖体基因以及ITS区作为真菌种水平鉴定的DNA条形码标记的潜在优势和局限性;（3）如何使用NCBI-BLAST搜索DNA条形码，并注意其局限性;（4）大量包含真菌序列的策划分子数据库;（5）在某些真菌类群的种级鉴定中，用于增强或取代ITS的各种蛋白质编码基因;以及（6）从DNA序列构建系统发育树以促进真菌物种鉴定的方法。我们建议，只要有可能，形态学和分子数据用于真菌鉴定。我们的目标是，这篇综述将提供一套标准化的程序，可用于天然产物研究界的真菌的分子鉴定。
Fungi are morphologically, ecologically, metabolically, and phylogenetically diverse. They are known to produce numerous bioactive molecules, which makes them very useful for natural products researchers in their pursuit of discovering new chemical diversity with agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications. Despite their importance in natural products chemistry, identification of fungi remains a daunting task for chemists, especially those who do not work with a trained mycologist. The purpose of this review is to update natural products researchers about the tools available for molecular identification of fungi. In particular, we discuss (1) problems of using morphology alone in the identification of fungi to the species level; (2) the three nuclear ribosomal genes most commonly used in fungal identification and the potential advantages and limitations of the ITS region, which is the official DNA barcoding marker for species-level identification of fungi; (3) how to use NCBI-BLAST search for DNA barcoding, with a cautionary note regarding its limitations; (4) the numerous curated molecular databases containing fungal sequences; (5) the various protein-coding genes used to augment or supplant ITS in species-level identification of certain fungal groups; and (6) methods used in the construction of phylogenetic trees from DNA sequences to facilitate fungal species identification. We recommend that, whenever possible, both morphology and molecular data be used for fungal identification. Our goal is that this review will provide a set of standardized procedures for the molecular identification of fungi that can be utilized by the natural products research community.