The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change
The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change
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哲学社会学：思想变革的全球理论
DOI：
10.2307/2654140
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
R. Collins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Collins
* 前言 * 致谢 * 引言理论的框架 * 头脑中的联盟 * 互动仪式的一般理论 * 知识分子的互动仪式 * 结构的机会 * 思维的社会学 * 跨代网络 * 主要创造力的稀有性 * 谁会被记住 * 小哲学家做什么？* 知识分子生活的结构模式：中国和希腊的长期链条 * 人际关系的重要性 * 结构性紧缩 * 注意力空间的划分：古希腊的案例 * 智力的小数定律 * 论证网络的形成和希腊哲学的启动 * 有组织的学校能持续多久？* 小数字危机与后苏格拉底一代的创造力 * 希腊式的重新调整立场 * 罗马基地与第二次重新调整 * 宗教两极分化的刺激 * 基督教与异教统一战线的摊牌 * 两种创造力知识分子社区的比较历史第一部分：亚洲路径 * 反对派的创新：古代中国 * 古代中国的对立序列 * 汉代的中央集权：官方儒学的形成及其对立 * 外部支持的变化景观 * 士绅-官方文化：纯对话运动与暗学 * 中国本土哲学中的阶级文化与创造力的冻结 * 知识世界的内外政治：印度 * 宗教优越性的社会政治基础 * 哲学派别的宗教基础：吠陀仪式主义者的分裂和分离 * 圣人的拥挤竞争 * 修道院运动和冥想神秘主义的理想 * 反寺院的反对和印度教世俗文化的形成 * 分割和知识分子的注意力空间 * 佛教-印度教的分水岭 * 后佛教的知识领土的重新安置 * 印度教哲学衰落中的经院哲学和融合主义 * 组织基础的革命：佛教与新儒家中国 * 佛教与中世纪中国的组织转型 * 佛教、道教、* 中国佛教中的创造性哲学 * 禅宗革命 * 新儒家的复兴 * 中国形而上学的弱连续性 * 通过保守主义进行创新：日本 * 日本作为中国佛教的Transformer * 禅宗启蒙的膨胀和公案的经院化 * 德川作为一个现代化的社会 * 世俗主义自然主义和新保守主义的分歧 * 保守主义和知识创造力 * 日本开放的神话第一部分结论：知识分子生活的成分知识分子社区的比较历史第二部分：西方路径 * 本土和外来思想的紧张关系：伊斯兰教，犹太教，基督教 * 宗教背景下的哲学 * 穆斯林世界：一个被政治化宗教所锚定的知识分子社区 * 四个派别 * 900年代派别的重新排列 * 哲学网络的顶峰：伊本·西纳和加扎利 * 苏菲派和经院哲学家的世俗化 * 西班牙作为中世纪哲学的枢纽 * 尾声：观念输入是创造力的替代品吗？* 学术扩张是一把双刃剑：中世纪基督教世界 * 基督教思想的组织基础 * 大学的内部自治 * 神学哲学的分裂 * 知识分子作为朝臣：人文主义者 * 知识停滞的问题 * 尾声：二十世纪末的知识分子道德败坏 * 杂交网络和快速发现科学 * 创意圈的级联 * 科学革命的哲学联系 * 三次革命及其网络 * 数学家 * 科学革命 * 哲学革命：培根和笛卡尔 * 世俗化和哲学的超领域 * 知识基础的世俗化 * 天主教内部的地缘政治和分裂 * 形而上学领域的重新出现 * 犹太千禧年主义和斯宾诺莎的理性宗教 * 莱布尼茨的数学形而上学 * 宗教宽容空间上的对立哲学 * 自然神论和价值论的独立性 * 联盟的抵制 * 反现代主义的现代主义和反科学的反对 * 认识论的胜利 * 知识分子控制了他们的基础：德国大学革命 * 德国唯心主义运动 * 哲学俘获大学 * 唯心主义作为大学革命的意识形态 * 作为因果关系外层的政治危机 * 大学革命的蔓延 * 革命后的状况：作为哲学谜题的边界 * 科学-哲学边界上的元领域 * 高等数学的社会发明 * 罗素和维特根斯坦的逻辑主义 * 作为斗争核心的维也纳圈 * 普通语言对逻辑形式主义的反应 * 维特根斯坦的曲折道路 * 从数学基础危机到胡塞尔现象学 * 海德格尔：天主教反现代主义与现象学运动相交 * 现象学运动的分裂 * 大陆-盎格鲁分裂元反思的意识形态 * 思想的社会生产的序列和分支 * 抽象和反身性的连续体 * 三条路径：宇宙学，认识论-形而上学，数学 * 哲学的未来 * 尾声：社会学现实主义 * 社会学我思故我在 * 数学作为交流操作 * 快速发现科学的对象 * 为什么智力网络要破坏自己？* 附录 * 当代创造力的聚集 * 我们历史图景的不完整 * 数字的关键 * 注释 * 参考文献 * 人物索引 * 主题索引
* Preface * Acknowledgments * Introduction The Skeleton of Theory * Coalitions in the Mind * General Theory of Interaction Rituals * The Interaction Rituals of Intellectuals * The Opportunity of Structure * The Sociology of Thinking * Networks across the Generations * The Rarity of Major Creativity * Who Will Be Remembered * What Do Minor Philosophers Do? * The Structural Mold of Intellectual Life: Long-Term Chains in China and Greece * The Importance of Personal Ties * The Structural Crunch * Partitioning Attention Space: The Case of Ancient Greece * The Intellectual Law of Small Numbers * The Forming of an Argumentative Network and the Launching of Greek Philosophy * How Long Do Organized Schools Last? * Small Numbers Crisis and the Creativity of the Post-Socratic Generation * The Hellenic Realignment of Positions * The Roman Base and the Second Realignment * The Stimulus of Religious Polarization * The Showdown of Christianity versus the Pagan United Front * Two Kinds of Creativity Comparative History of Intellectual Communities Part I: Asian Paths * Innovation by Opposition: Ancient China * The Sequence of Oppositions in Ancient China * Centralization in the Han Dynasty: The Forming of Official Confucianism and Its Opposition * The Changing Landscape of External Supports * The Gentry-Official Culture: The Pure Conversation Movement and the Dark Learning * Class Culture and the Freezing of Creativity in Indigenous Chinese Philosophy * External and Internal Politics of the Intellectual World: India * Sociopolitical Bases of Religious Ascendancies * Religious Bases of Philosophical Factions: Divisions and Recombination of Vedic Ritualists * The Crowded Competition of the Sages * Monastic Movements and the Ideal of Meditative Mysticism * Anti-monastic Opposition and the Forming of Hindu Lay Culture * Partitioning and the Intellectual Attention Space * The Buddhist-Hindu Watershed * The Post-Buddhist Resettlement of Intellectual Territories * Scholasticism and Syncretism in the Decline of Hindu Philosophy * Revolutions of the Organizational Base: Buddhist and Neo-Confucian China * Buddhism and the Organizational Transformation of Medieval China * Intellectual Foreign Relations of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism * Creative Philosophies in Chinese Buddhism * The Ch'an (Zen) Revolution * The Neo-Confucian Revival * The Weak Continuity of Chinese Metaphysics * Innovation through Conservatism: Japan * Japan as Transformer of Chinese Buddhism * The Inflation of Zen Enlightenment and the Scholasticization of Koan * Tokugawa as a Modernizing Society * The Divergence of Secularist Naturalism and Neoconservatism * Conservatism and Intellectual Creativity * The Myth of the Opening of Japan Conclusion to Part I: The Ingredients of Intellectual Life Comparative History of Intellectual Communities Part II: Western Paths * Tensions of Indigenous and Imported Ideas: Islam, Judaism, Christendom * Philosophy within a Religious Context * The Muslim World: An Intellectual Community Anchored by a Politicized Religion * Four Factions * Realignment of Factions in the 900s * The Culmination of the Philosophical Networks: Ibn Sina and al-Ghazali * Routinization of Sufis and Scholastics * Spain as the Hinge of Medieval Philosophy * Coda: Are Idea Imports a Substitute for Creativity? * Academic Expansion as a Two-Edged Sword: Medieval Christendom * The Organizational Bases of Christian Thought * The Inner Autonomy of the University * The Breakup of Theological Philosophy * Intellectuals as Courtiers: The Humanists * The Question of Intellectual Stagnation * Coda: The Intellectual Demoralization of the Late Twentieth Century * Cross-Breeding Networks and Rapid-Discovery Science * A Cascade of Creative Circles * Philosophical Connections of the Scientific Revolution * Three Revolutions and Their Networks * The Mathematicians * The Scientific Revolution * The Philosophical Revolution: Bacon and Descartes * Secularization and Philosophical Meta-territoriality * Secularization of the Intellectual Base * Geopolitics and Cleavages within Catholicism * Reemergence of the Metaphysical Field * Jewish Millennialism and Spinoza's Religious of Reason * Leibniz's Mathematical Metaphysics * Rival Philosophies upon the Space of Religious Toleration * Deism and the Independence of Value Theory * The Reversal of Alliances * Anti-modernist Modernism and the Anti-scientific Opposition * The Triumph of Epistemology * Intellectuals Take Control of Their Base: The German University Revolution * The German Idealist Movement * Philosophy Captures the University * Idealism as Ideology of the University Revolution * Political Crisis as the Outer Layer of Causality * The Spread of the University Revolution * The Post-revolutionary Condition: Boundaries as Philosophical Puzzles * Meta-territories upon the Science-Philosophy Border * The Social Invention of Higher Mathematics * The Logicism of Russell and Wittgenstein * The Vienna Circle as a Nexus of Struggles * The Ordinary Language Reaction against Logical Formalism * Wittgenstein's Tortured Path * Form Mathematical Foundations Crisis to Husserl's Phenomenology * Heidegger: Catholic Anti-modernism Intersects the Phenomenological Movement * Division of the Phenomenological Movement * The Ideology of the Continental-Anglo Split Meta-Reflection * Sequence and Branch in the Social Production of Ideas * The Continuum of Abstraction and Reflexivity * Three Pathways: Cosmological, Epistemological-Metaphysical, Mathematical * The Future of Philosophy * Epilogue: Sociological Realism * The Sociological Cogito * Mathematics as Communicative Operations * The Objects of Rapid-Discovery Science * Why Should Intellectual Networks Undermine Themselves? * Appendices * The Clustering of Contemporaneous Creativity * The Incompleteness of Our Historical Picture * Keys to Figures * Notes * References * Index of Persons * Index of Subjects