Vpu serine 52 dependent counteraction of tetherin is required for HIV-1 replication in macrophages, but not in ex vivo human lymphoid tissue.

Vpu serine 52 dependent counteraction of tetherin is required for HIV-1 replication in macrophages, but not in ex vivo human lymphoid tissue.
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DOI:
10.1186/1742-4690-7-1
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发表时间:
2010-01-15
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Kirchhoff F
Kirchhoff F
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schindler M;Rajan D;Banning C;Wimmer P;Koppensteiner H;Iwanski A;Specht A;Sauter D;Dobner T;Kirchhoff F

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人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型 (HIV-1) Vpu 蛋白会降解 CD4,并抵消称为系链蛋白 (CD317;Bst-2) 的限制因子,以增强病毒粒子的释放。有人建议,这两种功能可以通过第 52 位丝氨酸残基的突变在基因上分开。然而,最近的数据表明,S52 磷酸化位点对于 Vpu 对抗系链蛋白的能力也很重要。为了澄清这个问题,我们对各种细胞系、原代血淋巴细胞 (PBL)、单核细胞源性巨噬细胞 (MDM) 和离体人淋巴组织 (HLT) 中 Vpu 中酪蛋白激酶 II 磷酸化位点突变的 HIV-1 进行了全面分析。我们发现,丝氨酸 52 突变为丙氨酸 (S52A) 完全破坏了 Vpu 介导的 CD4 降解,并严重削弱了其拮抗系链蛋白的能力。此外,酪蛋白激酶 II 抑制剂阻断了 Vpu 降解系链蛋白的能力。总体而言,Vpu S52A只能克服低水平的系链蛋白,并且其活性以依赖于瞬时或内源表达的系链蛋白的量的方式降低。因此,S52A Vpu 突变病毒无法在表达高水平这种限制因子的巨噬细胞中复制。相比之下,HIV-1 Vpu S52A 导致 CD4+ T 细胞耗竭,并在离体人淋巴组织和 PBL 中有效扩散,很可能是因为这些细胞表达的系链蛋白水平相对较低。我们的数据解释了为什么Vpu中的S52A突变对病毒释放的影响是细胞类型依赖性的,并表明Vpu对抗tetherin的能力降低会损害巨噬细胞中的HIV-1复制,但不会损害组织CD4+T细胞中的复制。
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpu protein degrades CD4 and counteracts a restriction factor termed tetherin (CD317; Bst-2) to enhance virion release. It has been suggested that both functions can be genetically separated by mutation of a serine residue at position 52. However, recent data suggest that the S52 phosphorylation site is also important for the ability of Vpu to counteract tetherin. To clarify this issue, we performed a comprehensive analysis of HIV-1 with a mutated casein kinase-II phosphorylation site in Vpu in various cell lines, primary blood lymphocytes (PBL), monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and ex vivo human lymphoid tissue (HLT). We show that mutation of serine 52 to alanine (S52A) entirely disrupts Vpu-mediated degradation of CD4 and strongly impairs its ability to antagonize tetherin. Furthermore, casein-kinase II inhibitors blocked the ability of Vpu to degrade tetherin. Overall, Vpu S52A could only overcome low levels of tetherin, and its activity decreased in a manner dependent on the amount of transiently or endogenously expressed tetherin. As a consequence, the S52A Vpu mutant virus was unable to replicate in macrophages, which express high levels of this restriction factor. In contrast, HIV-1 Vpu S52A caused CD4+ T-cell depletion and spread efficiently in ex vivo human lymphoid tissue and PBL, most likely because these cells express comparably low levels of tetherin. Our data explain why the effect of the S52A mutation in Vpu on virus release is cell-type dependent and suggest that a reduced ability of Vpu to counteract tetherin impairs HIV-1 replication in macrophages, but not in tissue CD4+ T cells.
DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31817f97cf
发表时间: 2008-08-15
影响因子: 3.6
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发表时间: 2009-03-19
影响因子: 30.3
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DOI: 10.1006/viro.1994.1225
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