Coral growth on three reefs: development of recovery benchmarks using a space for time approach
Coral growth on three reefs: development of recovery benchmarks using a space for time approach
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DOI：
10.1007/s00338-010-0637-y
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
van Woesik, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Done, T. J.;DeVantier, L. M.;van Woesik, R.
这项为期14年的研究（1989年至2003年）开发恢复基准的基础上，一个时期的Acropora为主的组合大堡礁（GBR）的主要挫折后，在20世纪80年代初的掠夺性海星的大堡礁的珊瑚恢复非常强劲。在制定基准时采用了空间换时间的方法，选择了三个研究珊瑚礁（绿岛、羽毛礁和肋骨礁），分布在大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国沿着3个纬度（300公里）。海星爆发由北向南发展，造成珊瑚死亡，在1980年（绿色）、1982年（羽毛）和1984年（肋骨）达到最高水平。1989年、1990年、1993年和1994年对珊瑚礁进行了初步调查，这几年是空间换时间议定书规定的恢复期第5-14年。根据名义恢复时间（5-14年）绘制了珊瑚丰度、群体大小、珊瑚覆盖率和多样性的基准轨迹，并将其定义为非线性函数。2003年，在世纪之交发生了进一步的风暴冲击和同时发生的珊瑚漂白事件之后，对这三个珊瑚礁进行了一次调查，当时珊瑚礁进入第二个恢复期的时间分别为1年、3年和5年。2003年的珊瑚覆盖率略高于基准轨迹，但菌落密度（菌落.m（-2））比基准低一个数量级，大小结构偏向于在世纪之交的干扰中幸存下来的较大菌落。2003年小型珊瑚类的代表性不足，表明珊瑚的大规模补充受到抑制，反映出区域珊瑚丰度低，珊瑚繁殖力因最近的漂白事件而受到抑制。因此，2003年略高的覆盖率和大的殖民地表明，一个枯竭和老化的组合尚未恢复活力的强大的新兵队列。
This 14-year study (1989-2003) develops recovery benchmarks based on a period of very strong coral recovery in Acropora-dominated assemblages on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) following major setbacks from the predatory sea-star Acanthaster planci in the early 1980s. A space for time approach was used in developing the benchmarks, made possible by the choice of three study reefs (Green Island, Feather Reef and Rib Reef), spread along 3 degrees of latitude (300 km) of the GBR. The sea-star outbreaks progressed north to south, causing death of corals that reached maximum levels in the years 1980 (Green), 1982 (Feather) and 1984 (Rib). The reefs were initially surveyed in 1989, 1990, 1993 and 1994, which represent recovery years 5-14 in the space for time protocol. Benchmark trajectories for coral abundance, colony sizes, coral cover and diversity were plotted against nominal recovery time (years 5-14) and defined as non-linear functions. A single survey of the same three reefs was conducted in 2003, when the reefs were nominally 1, 3 and 5 years into a second recovery period, following further Acanthaster impacts and coincident coral bleaching events around the turn of the century. The 2003 coral cover was marginally above the benchmark trajectory, but colony density (colonies.m(-2)) was an order of magnitude lower than the benchmark, and size structure was biased toward larger colonies that survived the turn of the century disturbances. The under-representation of small size classes in 2003 suggests that mass recruitment of corals had been suppressed, reflecting low regional coral abundance and depression of coral fecundity by recent bleaching events. The marginally higher cover and large colonies of 2003 were thus indicative of a depleted and aging assemblage not yet rejuvenated by a strong cohort of recruits.