Defining Psychosis: The Evolution of DSM-5 Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Defining Psychosis: The Evolution of DSM-5 Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
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DOI：
10.1007/s11920-013-0409-9
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Bhati, Mahendra T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bhati, Mahendra T.
关于精神疾病的描述在历史记载中随处可见。然而，直到20世纪中期，还没有精神疾病的标准分类学或诊断标准。这限制了对这些疾病的理解和更好治疗的发展。随着对早发性痴呆和精神分裂症等疾病的描述，在20世纪进行了合作努力，开发了第一本精神疾病诊断和统计手册（DSM）。本文综述了精神病学诊断的历史，重点介绍了精神分裂症作为DSM诊断的历史。DSM-5更新了精神分裂症和相关疾病的诊断标准。本文还讨论了诊断有效性和可靠性的局限性，以及精神分裂症谱系和其他精神疾病诊断方法的变化，以提高诊断的有效性和可靠性。DSM-5反映了正在进行的改善精神障碍诊断的合作努力的高潮，研究领域标准（RDoC）的未来研究将有助于在理解和治疗精神疾病时提供趋同效度。
Descriptions of mental illness exist throughout recorded history. However, until the mid-twentieth century, there was no standard nosology or diagnostic standard for mental disorders. This limited understanding of these disorders and development of better treatments. As conditions such as dementia praecox and schizophrenia were being described, collaborative efforts were made in the twentieth century to develop the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). This review provides an overview of the history of psychiatric diagnosis with a focus on the history of schizophrenia as a diagnosis in the DSM. DSM-5 updates to diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and related disorders are provided. Limitations to diagnostic validity and reliability are discussed in addition to changes in diagnostic approaches to schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders in an effort to improve diagnostic validity and reliability. The DSM-5 reflects the culmination of an ongoing collaborative effort to improve the diagnosis of mental disorders, and future research in Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) will help provide convergent validity when understanding and treating mental illnesses.