Wood anatomy of the Palaeotropical Melastomataceae
Wood anatomy of the Palaeotropical Melastomataceae
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作者：
G. V. Vliet
根据36属107种134个标本，详细描述了古热带野牡丹科的木材解剖结构。在木材解剖学上，可识别出三个亚科，即木兰亚科、野牡丹亚科和隐翅亚科。小管胞亚科通过其纤维管胞、偏离的纤维长度/导管成员长度比和稀少的副管状薄壁组织而脱颖而出。野牡丹亚科的特征是脂状纤维显示纤维二形性，射线由直立的、方形的和弱平卧的细胞组成(也见于梅丝虫亚科)。Astronioideae亚科被废除；Pternandra被转移到Memecyloideae，Astronieae完全符合野牡丹亚科。在野牡丹亚科内部，部落之间并不容易分开。Dichaeteae的Dissohaetineae亚族(均为攀缘植物)因其多列射线而脱颖而出，Medinillineae亚族具有鳞片状的导管间凹陷；Astronieae具有古热带野牡丹科最长的导管成员，单列射线，以及轴向薄壁组织几乎不存在的偏离纤维带：在Osbeckieae中，无管薄壁组织带(可能起源于纤维二形性)是Dichaetanthera木材的特征；建议将Oxysporeae和Sonerileae合并为Sonerileae；在导管间凹陷的基础上识别出两个亚族，在划界上与原始的两个部落不同。柳杉科(Crypteroniaceae S.S.)(Axinandra，Crypteronia和Dactylocladus)被归入野牡丹科，作为一个独立的亚科。仅存在于古热带野牡丹科的梯状导管间凹陷，必须被解释为交替模式的特化。灯盏花属的一种植物--丛枝灯盏花属植物中含有雷公藤内酯。Dichaetanthera的轴向薄壁组织和射线中可观察到簇生晶体。粗大的细长晶体存在于轴向内含体韧皮部的薄壁组织中。数量性状(导管成员长度、导管直径和频率)的变化可以部分解释有关物种的生态偏好。讨论了藤本植物和直立近缘植物的木材解剖差异。
The wood anatomy of the palaeotropical Melastomataceae is described in detail on the basis of 134 samples of 107 species from 36 genera. On the wood anatomy, three subfamilies are recognized, Memecyloideae, Melastomatoideae, and Crypteronioideae. The Memecyloideae stand out through their fibre-tracheids, the deviating fibre length/vessel member length ratio, and the scanty paratracheal to aliform parenchyma. The Melastomatoideae are characterised by libriform fibres showing fibre dimorphism and rays composed of erect, square, and weakly procumbent cells (also in Memecyloideae p.p.). The subfamily Astronioideae is abolished; Pternandra is transferred to Memecyloideae, the Astronieae fit perfectly in the Melastomatoideae. Within Melastomatoideae the tribes are not easy to separate. The subtribe Dissochaetineae (all climbers) of the Dissochaeteae stands out because of its multiseriate rays, subtribe Medinillineae has scalariform inter-vessel pits; Astronieae have longest vessel members of the palaeotropical Melastomataceae, uniseriate rays, and bands of deviating fibres in which axial parenchyma is scarcely present: in the Osbeckieae apotracheal parenchyma bands (probably originated through fibre dimorphism) characterise the wood of Dichaetanthera; it is proposed to combine Oxysporeae and Sonerileae to one tribe Sonerileae; on the basis of the inter-vessel pitting two subtribes are recognized, different in delimitation from the two original tribes. The family Crypteroniaceae s.s. (Axinandra, Crypteronia and Dactylocladus) is incorporated in Melastomataceae as a separate subfamily. The scalariform inter-vessel pits, present in palaeotropical Melastomataceae only, must be interpreted as a specialization from the alternate pattern. Raphides are present in one species of Bredia, B. tuberculata. Clustered crystals are observed in the axial parenchyma and rays of Dichaetanthera. Large elongate crystals are present in the parenchyma of the strands of axially included phloem of the Memecyloideae. Variation in quantitative characters (vessel member length, vessel diameter and frequency) can partly be explained from the ecological preference of the species concerned. Wood anatomical differences between lianas and erect relatives are discussed.