Labor market reforms: An evaluation of the Hartz policies in Germany
Labor market reforms: An evaluation of the Hartz policies in Germany
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DOI：
10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.12.008
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发表时间：
2019-04
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
J. Bradley;Alice Kügler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Bradley;Alice Kügler
工人和企业如何应对全面的劳动力市场改革？我们使用详细的微观数据，通过劳动力市场结构模型的透镜来分析德国的哈茨改革。这些改革旨在通过增加工作时间的灵活性、工作匹配和工作激励措施来减少失业。在我们的设置中，改革直接影响模型参数，这些参数是使用34万家公司的43万名工人的匹配数据估计的。与以前的研究结果相反，我们的分析表明，虽然改革缩短了典型的失业持续时间，但它们并没有减少整体失业，并导致工资下降。低技能工人在就业和工资损失方面遭受的损失最大。此外，我们分解了每一次改革浪潮对就业和工资变化的贡献，发现失业救济金慷慨程度的降低是工资下降的主要驱动力。
How do workers and firms respond to comprehensive labor market reforms? We use detailed micro data to analyze the German Hartz Reforms through the lens of a structural model of the labor market. These reforms aimed at reducing unemployment, by increasing working hour flexibility, job matching and work incentives. In our setting, reforms directly affect the model parameters, which are estimated using matched data on 430,000 workers in 340,000 firms. Contrary to previous findings, our analysis shows that, although the reforms shortened the typical duration of unemployment, they did not reduce unemployment as a whole and led to a decline in wages. Low-skilled workers suffered the most in terms of employment and wage losses. Furthermore, we decompose the contribution of each reform wave to employment and wage changes, finding that the reduction in generosity of unemployment benefits was the principle driver in reducing wages.