Estimating cougar predation rates from GPS location clusters
Estimating cougar predation rates from GPS location clusters
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DOI：
10.2307/3802772
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Lindzey, FG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, CR;Lindzey, FG
1999年9月至2001年5月，我们从11只美洲狮的全球定位系统（GPS）定位群（在同一或连续的夜晚200米内大于等于2个位置）中研究了美洲狮（美洲狮）的捕食行为。GPS定位成功平均为2.4-5.0 / 6次定位尝试/夜/美洲狮。我们在2000年夏秋和2001年夏季调查了潜在的捕食地点，确定了猎物组成（n = 74，捕食后3-388天）和记录了捕食地点变量（n = 97，捕食后3-270天）。我们开发了一个模型来估计美洲狮杀死大型哺乳动物的概率，该模型收集了在CPS位置集群收集的数据，其中捕食概率随着200米半径内美洲狮存在的夜晚数的增加而增加（定义为在2200、0200或0500小时的位置）（P < 0.001）。意思估计美洲狮大型哺乳动物的捕食率7.3天/杀死接近成年的雌性(1 - 2.5年;n = 3, 90%置信区间CI: 6.3 - 9.9), 7.0天/杀死成年女性(n = 2, 90%置信区间CI: 5.8 - 10.8), 5.4天/杀死家庭组(与年轻女性;n = 3, 90%置信区间CI: 4.5 - 8.4), 9.5天/杀死亚成体雄性(1 - 2.5年;n = 1, 90%置信区间CI: 6.9 - 16.4),和7.8天/杀死成年男性(n = 2, 90%置信区间CI: 6.8 - 10.7)。我们可能稍微高估了美洲狮的捕食率，因为我们无法区分食腐和捕食。在美洲狮捕食区共检测到鹿（Odocoileus spp.） 45只、麋鹿（Cervus elaphus） 15只、叉角羚（Antilocapra americana） 6只、牲畜2只、驼鹿（Alces Alces） 1只和小型哺乳动物6只。雌狮选择骡鹿，雄狮选择麋鹿（P < 0.001）。美洲狮平均在叉角羚尸体上停留3.0个晚上，在鹿尸体上停留3.4个晚上，在麋鹿尸体上停留6.0个晚上。大多数美洲狮的捕食发生在1901-0500小时（81.7%），高峰发生在2201-0200小时（31.7%）。应用GPS技术来识别捕食率和猎物选择将使管理者能够有效地估计一个地区的猎物基础维持或受美洲狮捕食影响的能力。
We examined cougar (Puma concolor) predation from Global Positioning System (GPS) location clusters ( greater than or equal to2 locations within 200 m on the same or consecutive nights) of 11 cougars during September-May, 1999-2001. Location success of GPS averaged 2.4-5.0 of 6 location attempts/night/cougar. We surveyed potential predation sites during summer-fall 2000 and summer 2001 to identify prey composition (n = 74; 3-388 days post predation) and record predation-site variables (n = 97; 3-270 days post predation). We developed a model to estimate probability that a cougar killed a large mammal from data collected at CPS location clusters where the probability of predation increased with number of nights (defined as locations at 2200, 0200, or 0500 hr) of cougar presence within a 200-m radius (P < 0.001). Mean estimated cougar predation rates for large mammals were 7.3 days/kill for subadult females (1-2.5 yr; n = 3, 90% CI: 6.3 to 9.9), 7.0 days/kill for adult females (n = 2, 90% CI: 5.8 to 10.8), 5.4 days/kill for family groups (females with young; n = 3, 90% CI: 4.5 to 8.4), 9.5 days/kill for a subadult male (1-2.5 yr; n = 1, 90% CI: 6.9 to 16.4), and 7.8 days/kill for adult males (n = 2, 90% CI: 6.8 to 10.7). We may have slightly overestimated cougar predation rates due to our inability to separate scavenging from predation. We detected 45 deer (Odocoileus spp.), 15 elk (Cervus elaphus), 6 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), 2 livestock, 1 moose (Alces alces), and 6 small mammals at cougar predation sites. Comparisons between cougar sexes suggested that females selected mule deer and males selected elk (P < 0.001). Cougars averaged 3.0 nights on pronghorn carcasses 3.4 nights on deer carcasses, and 6.0 nights on elk carcasses. Most cougar predation (81.7%) occurred between 1901-0500 hr and peaked from 2201-0200 hr (31.7%). Applying GPS technology to identify predation rates and prey selection will allow managers to efficiently estimate the ability of an area's prey base to sustain or be affected by cougar predation.