Smoking Cessation Alters Intestinal Microbiota: Insights from Quantitative Investigations on Human Fecal Samples Using FISH
Smoking Cessation Alters Intestinal Microbiota: Insights from Quantitative Investigations on Human Fecal Samples Using FISH
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DOI：
10.1097/mib.0000000000000129
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Schuppler, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Biedermann, Luc;Bruelisauer, Karin;Schuppler, Markus
背景：关于肠道微生物群在各种疾病中的潜在机制作用和调节肠道微生物组成的因素的研究急剧增加。我们最近报道了人类戒烟后肠道微生物的变化。在这项研究中，我们旨在进行进一步的微生物分析，并使用直接定量微生物方法验证我们之前通过焦磷酸测序获得的结果。方法：对健康吸烟者在9周的观察期内进行控制戒烟的粪便样本进行分析，并与持续吸烟组和不吸烟组进行比较。荧光原位杂交法定量测定特定菌群。结果：戒烟后，肠道微生物群的组成发生了实质性的变化，其特征是厚壁菌门（球芽梭菌、直肠真杆菌和瘦梭菌亚群）和放线菌门（HGC细菌和双歧杆菌）的主要代表菌群增加，拟杆菌门（普雷伏菌属和拟杆菌属）和变形菌门（变形菌属的β亚群和γ亚群）的数量减少。结论：通过荧光原位杂交这一独立的直接定量微生物方法，我们可以证实人类肠道微生物群的组成受到吸烟的影响。观察到的微生物变化的特征表明，戒烟后体重的变化与潜在的机制相关。更重要的是，对于先前描述的炎症性肠病中生态失调的微生物特征，鉴于吸烟对克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎临床病程的不同影响，戒烟后观察到的各种微生物改变值得进一步考虑。
Background: There has been a dramatic increase in investigations on the potential mechanistic role of the intestinal microbiota in various diseases and factors modulating intestinal microbial composition. We recently reported on intestinal microbial shifts after smoking cessation in humans. In this study, we aimed to conduct further microbial analyses and verify our previous results obtained by pyrosequencing using a direct quantitative microbial approach.Methods: Stool samples of healthy smoking human subjects undergoing controlled smoking cessation during a 9-week observational period were analyzed and compared with 2 control groups, ongoing smoking and nonsmoking subjects. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to quantify specific bacterial groups.Results: Intestinal microbiota composition was substantially altered after smoking cessation as characterized by an increase in key representatives from the phyla of Firmicutes (Clostridium coccoides, Eubacterium rectale, and Clostridium leptum subgroup) and Actinobacteria (HGC bacteria and Bifidobacteria) as well as a decrease in Bacteroidetes (Prevotella spp. and Bacteroides spp.) and Proteobacteria (beta- and gamma-subgroup of Proteobacteria).Conclusions: As determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization, an independent direct quantitative microbial approach, we could confirm that intestinal microbiota composition in humans is influenced by smoking. The characteristics of observed microbial shifts suggest a potential mechanistic association to alterations in body weight subsequent to smoking cessation. More importantly, regarding previously described microbial hallmarks of dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases, a variety of observed microbial alterations after smoking cessation deserve further consideration in view of the divergent effect of smoking on the clinical course of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.