Status of Ground Water in Vavuniya City, Sri Lanka with Special Reference to Fluoride and Hardness
Status of Ground Water in Vavuniya City, Sri Lanka with Special Reference to Fluoride and Hardness
复制标题
斯里兰卡瓦武尼亚市地下水状况，特别是氟化物和硬度
DOI：
10.31357/ijms.v3i1.2828
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Senanayake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Piyasiri;I. Senanayake
瓦武尼亚（北纬8.75°，东经80.5°，海拔1米）位于斯里兰卡的干旱地带。瓦武尼亚市唯一的停滞水体是位于市中心的“瓦武尼亚水箱”，由于从其集水区接收的固体和液体废物而受到高度污染。因此，瓦武尼亚市饮用水的主要来源是地下水。由于缺水，人们甚至将农用威尔斯井用于家庭用途。本研究的主要目的是分析地下水的质量，特别是参考氟和硬度在瓦武尼亚市，并划定合适的地下水资源，利用GIS地图。因此，这项研究对于瓦武尼亚城市居民和寻求城市供水水源的水管理人员来说非常重要。作为本研究项目的研究区域，选择了从瓦武尼亚市中心点起10公里半径的圆。将圆形区域分为A、B、C、D四个区域。从该圈的每个区域随机抽取50口威尔斯井，包括挖威尔斯井和管井威尔斯。采样是在2011年3月至4月的中间季节进行的。在此期间，从整个研究区域收集了200个样本。通过使用数字仪表测量每个样品中的pH和电导率; pH计型号340 WTW和电导率计，330 WTW。使用哈赫D2700分光光度计测量氟化物，并且使用搁浅方法测量水硬度。使用MINITAB 14分析结果，并使用Arc GIS 10.1制作地图。对于数据的统计分析，使用R版本2.9.1软件包。结果表明，瓦武尼亚市西北部（A区）氟含量和硬度较高，而瓦武尼亚市东南部（D区）氟含量和硬度较低。根据其他水质数据，建议瓦武尼亚市东南部的地下水适合消费用途。尽管如此，瓦武尼亚市西北部可被视为地下水敏感地区，由于高氟化物和硬度水平超过了世卫组织饮用水质量标准建议的阈值，因此不适合饮用。关键词：瓦武尼亚市，地下水，氟化物，硬度
Vavuniya (8.75° North latitude, 80.5° East longitude and 1 meters elevation above the sea level) is in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. The only stagnant water body of the Vavuniya city is the “Vavuniya Tank” which is located in the city center and it is highly polluted due to solid & liquid wastes received from its catchment. Therefore the main source of water for drinking purposes in Vavuniya city is the groundwater. Due to lack of water, people even use the agro wells for their domestic purposes. The main objective of this study is to analyze the quality of groundwater with particular reference to fluoride and hardness in the Vavuniya city and to demarcate the suitable groundwater resources using GIS maps. Therefore, this study is important for the Vavuniya city dwellers and water managers who seek water sources for distribution to the city. As the study area of this research project, 10km radius circle was selected from a middle point of the Vavuniya city. Then the circle area was divided into four zones namely A, B, C and D. Fifty wells, including dug wells and tube wells from each zone of the circle were sampled randomly. Sampling was undertaken during the intermediate season from March to April in 2011. Two hundred samples were collected during this period from the entire study area. pH and conductivity were measured in each sample by using digital meters; pH Meter model 340 WTW & Conductivity Meter, 330 WTW. Fluoride was measured using HACH D2700 spectrophotometer and Water Hardness was measured using stranded methods. Results were analyzed using MINITAB 14 and maps were prepared by using Arc GIS 10.1. For statistical analysis of data R version 2.9.1 software package was used. According to the results, north western part of the Vavuniya city (Zone A) indicated high concentration of fluoride and hardness and south eastern part of the Vavuniya city (Zone D) indicated low concentration of fluoride and hardness. Based on the other water quality data, it is recommended that the water from ground water in the south eastern part of the Vavuniya city is suitable for consumptive purposes. Nevertheless, the North Western part of the Vavuniya city could be considered as a sensitive area for groundwater unsuitable for consumption due to high fluoride and hardness levels exceeding the recommended threshold values according to WHO water quality standards for drinking purposes. KEYWORDS: Vavuniya City, groundwater, fluoride, hardness