Toward improved corrections for radiation‐induced biases in radiosonde temperature observations
Toward improved corrections for radiation‐induced biases in radiosonde temperature observations
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/jgrd.50369
复制
发表时间：
2013-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bomin Sun;A. Reale;S. Schroeder;D. Seidel;B. Ballish
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bomin Sun;A. Reale;S. Schroeder;D. Seidel;B. Ballish
利用空间和时间配置的气象、电离层和气候星座观测系统（COSMIC）数据作为真值估计，对2008年5月至2011年8月全球探空仪运行温度数据中辐射引起的偏差进行了检验。从大多数类型的无线电探空仪的平均数据显示夜间冷偏差和白天温暖的偏差相对于COSMIC。大多数日间偏差随着高度和太阳高度角（SEA）而增加。15-70 hPa层的全球平均偏差在夜间为−0.05 ± 1.89 K标准差（约52，000个剖面），白天为0.39 ± 1.80 K标准差（约64，500个剖面）（SEA > 7.5°）。与云相关的白天温暖偏差比晴朗条件下的要小。较新的探空仪（2000年后）具有较小的偏差，似乎对云的影响不太敏感。夜间的偏差比白天的偏差表现出更大的季节和纬向变化。一般来说，温暖的夜晚偏差与温暖的气候制度和较少的温暖或寒冷的夜晚偏差与寒冷的气候制度。提供了13种主要无线电探空仪类型的偏置特性，作为更新用于数值天气预报的无线电探空仪校正、验证卫星检索和调整存档的无线电探空仪数据以创建一致的气候记录的基础。
Radiation‐induced biases in global operational radiosonde temperature data from May 2008 to August 2011 are examined by using spatially and temporally collocated Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) data as estimates of the truth. The data on average from most radiosonde types show a nighttime cold bias and a daytime warm bias relative to COSMIC. Most daytime biases increase with altitude and solar elevation angle (SEA). The global average biases in the 15–70 hPa layer are −0.05 ± 1.89 K standard deviation (~52,000 profiles) at night and 0.39 ± 1.80 K standard deviation (~64,500 profiles) in daytime (SEA > 7.5°). Daytime warm biases associated with clouds are smaller than those under clear conditions. Newer sondes (post‐2000) have smaller biases and appear to be less sensitive to effects of clouds. Biases at night show greater seasonal and zonal variations than those for daytime. In general, warm night biases are associated with warm climate regimes and less warm or cold night biases with cold climate regimes. Bias characteristics for 13 major radiosonde types are provided, as a basis for updating radiosonde corrections used in numerical weather predictions, for validating satellite retrievals, and for adjusting archived radiosonde data to create consistent climate records.