The Effectiveness of Sanitary Inspections as a Risk Assessment Tool for Thermotolerant Coliform Bacteria Contamination of Rural Drinking Water: A Review of Data from West Bengal, India.
The Effectiveness of Sanitary Inspections as a Risk Assessment Tool for Thermotolerant Coliform Bacteria Contamination of Rural Drinking Water: A Review of Data from West Bengal, India.
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卫生检查作为农村饮用水耐热大肠菌污染风险评估工具的有效性：印度西孟加拉邦数据回顾。
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.16-0322
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Evan A. Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christian Snoad;C. Nagel;Animesh Bhattacharya;Evan A. Thomas
摘要在某些情况下，建议使用卫生检查和定期水质检测相结合的方法作为粪便污染的筛查工具。我们在印度西孟加拉邦的7317个独特的水源中进行了卫生检查和耐热大肠菌群(TTCs)测试，TTCs是一种粪便指示菌。我们的结果表明，卫生检查分数对TTC污染源的识别能力较差。在深泵和浅泵中，TTC和GT；0预测的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.58(95%可信区间[CI]=0.53~0.61)和0.58(95%CI=0.54~0.62)，说明卫生检查分数在区分该类型污染源和非污染源方面仅略好于机会。当使用卫生检查分数来预测重力供给式管道源中的TTC和GT；0时，AUC值略高，为0.64(95%CI=0.57-0.71)。在无保护泉水(AUC=0.48，95%CI=0.38-0.55)和无保护挖井(AUC=0.41，95%CI=0.20-0.66)中，卫生检查分数在区分TTC<；1和TTC>；0的地点上表现得比随机差。综合所有污染源类型，TTC污染(TTC>；1 CFU/100毫升)高/极高卫生检查评分的敏感性(真阳性率)为29.4%，特异性(真阴性率)为77.9%，导致在使用已建立的风险类别时对站点进行严重的错误分类。这些发现表明，卫生调查不是识别水点TTC污染的不适当的筛查工具。
AbstractThe use of sanitary inspections combined with periodic water quality testing has been recommended in some cases as screening tools for fecal contamination. We conducted sanitary inspections and tested for thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs), a fecal indicator bacteria, among 7,317 unique water sources in West Bengal, India. Our results indicate that the sanitary inspection score has poor ability to identify TTC-contaminated sources. Among deep and shallow hand pumps, the area under curve (AUC) for prediction of TTC > 0 was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.53-0.61) and 0.58 (95% CI = 0.54-0.62), respectively, indicating that the sanitary inspection score was only marginally better than chance in discriminating between contaminated and uncontaminated sources of this type. A slightly higher AUC value of 0.64 (95% CI=0.57-0.71) was observed when the sanitary inspection score was used for prediction of TTC > 0 among the gravity-fed piped sources. Among unprotected springs (AUC = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.38-0.55) and unprotected dug wells (AUC = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.20-0.66), the sanitary inspection score performed more poorly than chance in discriminating between sites with TTC < 1 and TTC > 0. Aggregating over all source types, the sensitivity (true positive rate) of a high/very high sanitary inspection score for TTC contamination (TTC > 1 CFU/100 mL) was 29.4% and the specificity (true negative rate) was 77.9%, resulting in substantial misclassification of the sites when using the established risk categories. These findings suggest that sanitary surveys are inappropriate screening tools for identifying TTC contamination at water points.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Pepe, MS;Janes, H;Newcomb, P
通讯作者：
Newcomb, P