Alcohol and environmental justice: The density of liquor stores and bars in urban neighborhoods in the united states
Alcohol and environmental justice: The density of liquor stores and bars in urban neighborhoods in the united states
复制标题
DOI：
10.15288/jsad.2007.68.48
复制
发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sturm, Roland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romley, John A.;Cohen, Deborah;Sturm, Roland
目的：本研究有两个目的：(1)根据种族、经济状况和年龄来描述美国城市中个人面临的酒类商店和酒吧的密度；(2)评估基于道路网络和人口的零售商密度的替代测量方法。方法：我们使用关于商业统计和社会人口学特征的普查数据来计算9361个城市邮政编码地区的个人面临的密度。结果：黑人面临比白人更高的酒类商店密度。低收入地区的非白人的酒类商店密度高于低收入和高收入地区的白人，以及高收入地区的非白人。非白人青年面临着比白人青年更密集的酒类商店。酒类商店和酒吧的密度在高收入地区较低，尤其是非白人。结论：城市社区酒类需求与酒类商店供应的不匹配构成了对少数民族和低收入人群的环境不公平，并可能对饮酒行为和其他社会弊病造成不良后果。我们对酒吧的结果对网点密度和人口密度的测量很敏感。尽管这两个指标都不明显优于其他指标，但计入公路里程的指标可能反映出与酒类零售商的接近程度，因此是对人均指标的有益改进。如果是这样的话，酒精政策也可能把重点放在每条车道英里的密度上。有必要对酒类零售中环境不公平的存在、原因和后果进行进一步的研究。
Objective: This study had two purposes: (1) to characterize the density of liquor stores and bars that individuals face according to race, economic status, and age in the urban United States and (2) to assess alternative measures of retailer density based on the road network and population.Method: We used census data on business counts and sociodemographic characteristics to compute the densities facing individuals in 9,361 urban zip codes.Results: Blacks face higher densities of liquor stores than do whites. The density of liquor stores is greater among nonwhites in lower-income areas than among whites in lower- and higher-income areas and nonwhites in higher-income areas. Nonwhite youths face higher densities of liquor stores than white youths. The density of liquor stores and bars is lower in higher-income areas, especially for nonwhites.Conclusions: Mismatches between alcohol demand and the supply of liquor stores within urban neighborhoods constitute an environmental injustice for minorities and lower-income persons, with potential adverse consequences for drinking behavior and other social ills. Our results for bars are sensitive to the measure of outlet density as well as population density. Although neither measure is clearly superior, a measure that accounts for roadway miles may reflect proximity to alcohol retailers and thus serve as a useful refinement to the per-capita measure. If so, alcohol Policy might also focus on density per roadway mile. Further research on the existence, causes, and consequences of environmental injustice in alcohol retailing is warranted.