Reliability of a store observation tool in measuring availability of alcohol and selected foods
Reliability of a store observation tool in measuring availability of alcohol and selected foods
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DOI：
10.1007/s11524-007-9219-x
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Overton, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cohen, Deborah A.;Schoeff, Diane;Overton, Adrian
酒精和食物可能损害或有助于健康，这取决于它们的消费量和频率。人们的消费量可能会受到当地零售店产品供应和促销的影响。我们开发并测试了一种观察工具，以客观地衡量店内酒精饮料和对健康有影响的选定食品的可用性和促销。训练有素的观察员走访了洛杉矶和路易斯安那州东南部的51家酒类销售点。使用标准化的工具，进行了两个独立的观察记录的类型的出口，酒精饮料和选定的食品的可用性和货架空间，标准品牌的购买价格，啤酒和麦芽酒的位置，以及在店内酒精广告的数量。该仪器的可靠性是优秀的项目可用性，货架空间和放置麦芽酒的措施。酒类广告、啤酒广告以及衡量苹果和橘子“最低价格”的项目的可靠性较低。分类项目的平均Kappa值为0.87，连续项目的平均组内相关系数为0.83。总体而言，对酒精饮料和食品的供应和促销进行系统观察是可行的、可接受的和可靠的。像我们评估的这样的测量工具应该有助于研究食品和饮料的供应对消费和健康结果的影响。
Alcohol and food items can compromise or contribute to health, depending on the quantity and frequency with which they are consumed. How much people consume may be influenced by product availability and promotion in local retail stores. We developed and tested an observational tool to objectively measure in-store availability and promotion of alcoholic beverages and selected food items that have an impact on health. Trained observers visited 51 alcohol outlets in Los Angeles and southeastern Louisiana. Using a standardized instrument, two independent observations were conducted documenting the type of outlet, the availability and shelf space for alcoholic beverages and selected food items, the purchase price of standard brands, the placement of beer and malt liquor, and the amount of in-store alcohol advertising. Reliability of the instrument was excellent for measures of item availability, shelf space, and placement of malt liquor. Reliability was lower for alcohol advertising, beer placement, and items that measured the "least price" of apples and oranges. The average kappa was 0.87 for categorical items and the average intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.83 for continuous items. Overall, systematic observation of the availability and promotion of alcoholic beverages and food items was feasible, acceptable, and reliable. Measurement tools such as the one we evaluated should be useful in studies of the impact of availability of food and beverages on consumption and on health outcomes.