Indigenous hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterioflora in oil-polluted habitats in Kuwait, two decades after the greatest man-made oil spill
Indigenous hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterioflora in oil-polluted habitats in Kuwait, two decades after the greatest man-made oil spill
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DOI：
10.1007/s00203-012-0800-7
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Radwan, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al-Awadhi, H.;Al-Mailem, D.;Radwan, S.
对科威特有二十年石油污染史的生境进行了居民石油利用菌群调查。科威特阿拉伯湾沿岸6个地点的海水样本和全国7个地点的沙漠土壤样本中都含有利用石油的细菌，其数量占总直接显微镜计数的0.0001-0.01%。不同地点的本地菌群隶属于许多种。在含氮和无氮培养基上进行计数时，这是正确的。海水样品中主要含有γ变形菌，沙漠土壤样品中主要含有放线菌。在无氮培养基上生长的细菌种类，在所有单个细菌联合体中占相当大的比例，都是重氮营养的。他们的乙炔还原测试呈阳性，基因组中具有nifH基因。作为碳和能量的唯一来源，个体代表性物种可以利用广泛的脂肪和芳烃。定量测定表明，在分批培养中，单个菌种消耗原油、正十八烷和菲。结果表明，本地微生物群可以参与生物修复计划，而无需生物强化或氮肥施用。灌溉将是沙漠化污染土壤生物修复的重要手段。
Kuwaiti habitats with two-decade history of oil pollution were surveyed for their inhabitant oil-utilizing bacterioflora. Seawater samples from six sites along the Kuwaiti coasts of the Arabian Gulf and desert soil samples collected from seven sites all over the country harbored oil-utilizing bacteria whose numbers made up 0.0001-0.01% of the total, direct, microscopic counts. The indigenous bacterioflora in various sites were affiliated to many species. This was true when counting was made on nitrogen-containing and nitrogen-free media. Seawater samples harbored species belonging predominantly to the Gammaproteobacteria and desert soil samples contained predominantly Actinobacteria. Bacterial species that grew on the nitrogen-free medium and that represented a considerable proportion of the total in all individual bacterial consortia were diazotrophic. They gave positive acetylene-reduction test and possessed the nifH genes in their genomes. Individual representative species could utilize a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, as sole sources of carbon and energy. Quantitative determination showed that the individual species consumed crude oil, n-octadecane and phenanthrene, in batch cultures. It was concluded that the indigenous microflora could be involved in bioremediation programs without bioaugmentation or nitrogen fertilization. Irrigation would be the most important practice in bioremediation of the polluted soil desert areas.