The Power of the Illegitimate: La Divina Pastora and the "Coolie Mission" in Colonial Trinidad
The Power of the Illegitimate: La Divina Pastora and the "Coolie Mission" in Colonial Trinidad
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私生子的力量：La Divina Pastora 和特立尼达殖民地的“苦力传教团”
DOI：
10.1163/22134360-bja10006
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Teruyuki Tsuji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Teruyuki Tsuji
基于档案研究并辅之以人种学观察，本文批判性地回顾了起源于西班牙的圣母La Divina Pastora在殖民地特立尼达的历史，重点关注这一玛丽亚形象的两座雕像如何在灵性和物质上相互交叉、竞争和加强：一座位于特立尼达北部的白皙皮肤的La Divina Pastora，由天主教中央当局创作并得到庇护；以及一座位于西帕利亚的深色皮肤、创造奇迹的La Divin/Sipari Mai，以前是西班牙在特立尼达南部的一个外围使团。追溯他们的生活和关系的轨迹，揭示了特立尼达教会历史的复杂性，揭示了宗教正统的宗法制定和重塑与需要医学-精神解决方案的日常实质性问题的普遍信仰实践之间的矛盾和紧张关系。与现有的研究不同，本文处理代表同一玛丽安形象的两个不同的雕像，利用整体方法来理解为什么以及如何在西帕利亚作为一个共同的赋权对象出现、存活和蓬勃发展，尽管殖民时期痴迷于种族文化的纯洁性和归属边界的制度。基督教社区之间的冲突交织在一起，挫败了天主教中央当局利用La Divin/Sipari Mai的越轨权力吸引印度教徒加入教会的企图。错综复杂的冲突也创造了条件，尽管天主教当局进行了歧视和镇压，但印度教对灵丹妙药的恳求仍然存在并蓬勃发展。在西帕利亚，天主教徒和印度教奉献者之间的不断互动导致了他们最初不同的做法和世界观的结合，以及深色麦当娜从La Divina Pastora到La Divin/Sipari Mai的转变，La Divin/Sipari Mai是代表各种母体/女性身体的另一种精神结构，每个身体都符合不同的宗教传统。
Based on archival research and supplemented by ethnographic observations, this article critically revisits the history of La Divina Pastora, the Madonna of Spanish origin, in colonial Trinidad, focusing on how the spirituality and materiality of two statues of this Marian image intersected, competed, and reinforced each other: a fair-complexioned La Divina Pastora in northern Trinidad, created and patronized by the Catholic central authorities; and a dark-skinned, miracle-working La Divin/Sipari Mai in Siparia, formerly a peripheral Spanish mission in southern Trinidad. Tracing the trajectory of their lives and relations reveals the complexities of the ecclesiastical history of Trinidad, unearthing the contradictions and tensions between the patriarchal making and remaking of religious orthodoxy and the popular praxis of faith for day-to-day substantive issues needing medico-spiritual solutions. Unlike extant studies, addressing the two distinct statues representing the same Marian image, this article utilizes a holistic approach in order to appreciate why and how the Madonna at Siparia emerged, survived, and thrived as a shared empowering object, despite the colonial obsession with racial-cultural purity and regimes of the boundaries of belonging. The conflicts among the Christian communities were intertwined and thwarted the Catholic central authority’s attempts to exploit La Divin/Sipari Mai’s transgressive power to attract Hindus to the Church. The tangled conflicts also created conditions in which Hindu supplications for miraculous cures persisted and thrived, despite discrimination and repression by the Catholic authorities. The incessant interactions between Catholics and Hindu devotees in Siparia led to the combination of their originally divergent practices and worldviews and the transformation of the dark-colored Madonna from La Divina Pastora to La Divin/Sipari Mai, an alternative spiritual construction that represented various maternal/female bodies, each conforming to distinct religious traditions.