SEMANTICS AND VOCABULARY
SEMANTICS AND VOCABULARY
复制标题
语义和词汇
DOI：
10.1017/chol9780521264747.006
复制
发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
D. Kastovsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Kastovsky
引言 5.1.1 有一个语言学概念虽然很基本并且经常被提及，但常常被认为是理所当然的：“词”的概念。单词是许多语音陈述的领域。这是形态学中隐含的排序原则；就语法描述的模式或规则而言，单词是句法的核心概念，尽管又是隐含的概念，单词根据这些模式或规则被组合成更大的语言结构。因此，有必要对这一语言类别更加明确，不仅因为单词——更准确地说，构成语言词汇（=词典=词典）的单词的集合——是本章的主题，而且还因为该术语在非技术性日常语言中很常见，它经常在多种含义中使用，而作为技术术语，它应该是明确的。因此，在谈论屈折范式时，术语“词”可能既指范式的每个单独成员，也指范式的每个成员作为其形式的全局实体，以及文本中由左右空格界定的实体。那么，这可能会导致看似矛盾的陈述，例如（1）单词 heahsteap 被写成两个单词。事实上，在 Gen. 2840 (Sauer 1985:270) 中有一个序列 heah steap rece ‘very high house’（字面意思是‘high lofty house’），其中 heah steap 通常被解释为形容词复合词，然而，在手稿中却被写成两个单独的词。
Introduction 5.1.1 One linguistic concept, although fundamental and constantly referred to, is often taken for granted: the concept of ‘word’. The word is the domain of many phonological statements; it is the implicit ordering principle in morphology; and the word is a central, though again implicit concept of syntax in so far as the latter describes the patterns or rules according to which words are combined into larger linguistic structures. It is therefore necessary to be somewhat more explicit about this linguistic category, not only because words – more precisely, the aggregate of words making up the vocabulary (= dictionary = lexicon) of a language – are the topic of this chapter, but also because the term is familiar from non-technical, everyday language, where it is often employed in a variety of senses, while as a technical term it ought to be unambiguous. Thus, when talking about inflectional paradigms, the term ‘word’ might be used to refer both to each individual member of the paradigm, and to the global entity each member of the paradigm is a form of, as well as to the entity that is bounded by spaces to its left and right in a text. This, then, might lead to a seemingly contradictory statement such as (1) The word heah steap is written as two words. In actual fact, there is a sequence heah steap reced ‘very high house’ (lit. ‘high lofty house’) in Gen. 2840 (Sauer 1985:270), where heah steap is normally interpreted as an adjectival compound, which, however, is written in the manuscript as two separate words.