Phenotypic Comparability from Genotypic Variability among Physically Structured Microbial Consortia
Phenotypic Comparability from Genotypic Variability among Physically Structured Microbial Consortia
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icaa022
复制
发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Santos, Scott R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoffman, Stephanie K.;Seitz, Kiley W.;Santos, Scott R.
微生物群代表生活在典型的多细胞真核生物中或其上的个体有机体中的集体细菌、古生菌、原生动物、真菌和病毒群落。这种联合体已被公认为对其宿主的发展、健康和疾病状况有重大影响。由于理解一个人的基因构成和他们的一整套特征(即从基因组到表型组)之间的机械联系需要在生物组织的不同层面上进行考虑，这应该包括与微生物联合体的相互作用和组织。为了了解微生物联合体的组织结构，我们阐明了夏威夷Anchialine生态系统特有的层状橙色蓝藻-细菌结壳中表型相似(和假设的功能相似)层(即顶橙层、次橙层、粉红色层和绿色层)之间的遗传成分。核糖体RNA高变区(即细菌特异性V6和真核生物偏向V9)的高通量扩增序列显示，微生物丰富度随着结壳层深度的增加而增加，给定层的样品与同一地理地点的不同层更相似，而不是与不同地点的表型相似层相似。此外，来自同一岛屿上的地点的样本彼此更相似，无论它们来自哪一层，而不是来自另一岛的类似层。然而，蓝藻和蓝藻在表层和底层都很丰富，厌氧和化学自养类群集中在中间两层，表明结壳从上到下都是氧化作用的。因此，与迄今研究的其他层状蓝藻-细菌群落相比，这些橙色结皮中氧化和缺氧生态位的排列在功能上是不同的，相似的环境条件导致的趋同进化可能是这些表型可比但基因不同的微生物群落的驱动因素。
Microbiomes represent the collective bacteria, archaea, protist, fungi, and virus communities living in or on individual organisms that are typically multicellular eukaryotes. Such consortia have become recognized as having significant impacts on the development, health, and disease status of their hosts. Since understanding the mechanistic connections between an individual's genetic makeup and their complete set of traits (i.e., genome to phenome) requires consideration at different levels of biological organization, this should include interactions with, and the organization of, microbial consortia. To understand microbial consortia organization, we elucidated the genetic constituents among phenotypically similar (and hypothesized functionally-analogous) layers (i.e., top orange, second orange, pink, and green layers) in the unique laminated orange cyanobacterial-bacterial crusts endemic to Hawaii's anchialine ecosystem. High-throughput amplicon sequencing of ribosomal RNA hypervariable regions (i.e., Bacteria-specific V6 and Eukarya-biased V9) revealed microbial richness increasing by crust layer depth, with samples of a given layer more similar to different layers from the same geographic site than to their phenotypically-analogous layer from different sites. Furthermore, samples from sites on the same island were more similar to each other, regardless of which layer they originated from, than to analogous layers from another island. However, cyanobacterial and algal taxa were abundant in all surface and bottom layers, with anaerobic and chemoautotrophic taxa concentrated in the middle two layers, suggesting crust oxygenation from both above and below. Thus, the arrangement of oxygenated vs. anoxygenated niches in these orange crusts is functionally distinct relative to other laminated cyanobacterial-bacterial communities examined to date, with convergent evolution due to similar environmental conditions a likely driver for these phenotypically comparable but genetically distinct microbial consortia.