Individual and histopathological responses of the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) to graphene oxide exposure.
Individual and histopathological responses of the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) to graphene oxide exposure.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113076
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
L. Duo;Yanli Wang;Shulan Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Duo;Yanli Wang;Shulan Zhao
氧化石墨烯（GO）的生产和应用的不断增加不可避免地导致其进入环境。然而，其对土壤无脊椎动物的潜在毒性尚不完全清楚。通过急性和慢性毒性试验，全面评价了GO对蚯蚓生长、存活、繁殖和超微结构的影响。在急性毒性实验中，采用滤纸接触试验和自然土壤接触试验两种试验方法，将蚯蚓暴露于不同浓度的GO中。在滤纸接触试验中，GO在24 h和48 h的致死浓度（LC 50）分别为2.52和2.36 mg mL-1，在自然土壤试验中，第14天的LC 50为68.8 g kg-1。组织学观察表明，随着GO浓度的增加，出现严重的皮肤和肠道损伤。在慢性毒性试验中，采用0、5、10、20和30 g kg-1GO在天然土壤中暴露28和56 d，研究了GO对蚯蚓生长和繁殖的影响。蚯蚓的生长在接触GO 7、14、21和28 d后受到显著抑制。随着GO浓度的增加和暴露天数的增加，效果更显着。此外，GO暴露显着降低蚯蚓的繁殖能力。当蚯蚓暴露于20 g kg-1GO 56 d时，其茧的数量、孵化率和幼虫数量均比对照减少约一半。这些发现表明了GO toE的潜在健康风险。fetida在土壤中的高浓度和长时间暴露。因此，与GO应用相关的潜在风险应受到相当大的关注。该研究可为评估碳纳米材料在陆地生态系统中的毒性提供有价值的信息。
The increasing production and applications of graphene oxide (GO) inevitably lead to its entry into the environment. However, its potential toxicity to soil invertebrates is not yet completely known. Herein, the harmful effects of GO on the growth, survival, reproduction, and ultrastructure of earthworms were thoroughly evaluated through acute and chronic toxicity experiments. In the acute toxicity experiments, earthworms were exposed to different concentrations of GO using two test methods: filter paper contact test and natural soil contact test. The lethal concentrations (LC50) for GO at 24-h and 48-h exposure were 2.52 and 2.36 mg mL-1, respectively, in the filter paper contact test and the LC50on day 14 was 68.8 g kg-1in the natural soil test. Histopathological observation demonstrated that serious skin and intestinal damage occurred with increasing GO concentrations. In the chronic toxicity test, earthworm growth rate and reproduction were investigated after exposure to 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 g kg-1GO in natural soil for 28 and 56 d. Earthworm growth was significantly inhibited after 7, 14, 21 and 28 d of GO exposure. The effect was more significant with increasing GO concentrations and exposure days. Moreover, GO exposure significantly decreased the reproductive capacity of earthworms. When earthworms were exposed to 20 g kg-1GO for 56 d, the number and hatching rate of cocoons and the number of juveniles decreased by approximately half compared with the control. These findings indicate the potential health risk of GO toE. fetidaunder high concentrations and long exposure times in soil. Thus, the potential risks associated with the application of GO should receive considerable attention. This study can provide valuable information for assessing the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials in terrestrial ecosystems.