Gluten-free but also gluten-enriched (gluten+) diet prevent diabetes in NOD mice;: the gluten enigma in type 1 diabetes
Gluten-free but also gluten-enriched (gluten+) diet prevent diabetes in NOD mice;: the gluten enigma in type 1 diabetes
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DOI：
10.1002/dmrr.748
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Buschard, Karsten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Funda, David P.;Kaas, Anne;Buschard, Karsten
环境因素如营养或暴露于感染在1型糖尿病（T1D）的发病机制中起着重要作用。我们之前已经表明，无麸质、非纯化饮食在很大程度上预防了非肥胖糖尿病（NOD）小鼠的糖尿病。在本研究中，我们验证了早期引入谷蛋白丰富（谷蛋白+）饮食可能增加NOD小鼠糖尿病发病率的假设。方法采用标准日粮、无麸质日粮、麸质+改良Altromin日粮和以水解酪蛋白为基础的Pregestimil日粮饲喂NOD女性，随访310 d。测定非糖尿病动物的胰岛素评分和肠黏膜淋巴细胞数量。结果NOD小鼠无麸质日粮（5.9% n = 34）和Pregestimil日粮（10%,n = 30）与标准Altromin日粮（60.6%,n = 33）相比，糖尿病发病率显著降低（p < 0.0001）。令人惊讶的是，麸质+饮食也可以预防糖尿病的发生，即使在无麸质饮食的水平上（p < 0.0001, 5.9%, n = 34）。少数在三种糖尿病预防饮食（谷蛋白+，无谷蛋白，Pregestimil）中患上糖尿病的小鼠，与标准饮食的小鼠相比，发病时间稍晚。与对照组小鼠相比，无麸质饮食的非糖尿病NOD小鼠的胰岛素评分较低，麸质+和Pregestimil饮食也在较小程度上降低。小肠中CD3（+）、tcr - γ δ(+)和IgA（+）细胞的数量没有实质性差异。结论谷蛋白+饮食对NOD小鼠糖尿病的预防作用与非纯化无谷蛋白饮食水平相当。本文讨论了膳食麸质对T1D发展的神秘双重作用的可能机制。版权所有(C) 2007约翰威利父子有限公司
Background Environmental factors such as nutrition or exposure to infections play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We have previously shown that gluten-free, non-purified diet largely prevented diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In this study we tested hypothesis that early introduction of gluten-enriched (gluten+) diet may increase diabetes incidence in NOD mice.Methods Standard, gluten-free, gluten+ modified Altromin diets and hydrolysed-casein-based Pregestimil diet were fed to NOD females and diabetes incidence was followed for 310 days. Insulitis score and numbers of gut mucosal lymphocytes were determined in non-diabetic animals.Results A significantly lower diabetes incidence (p < 0.0001) was observed in NOD mice fed gluten-free diet (5.9% n = 34) and Pregestimil diet (10%,, n = 30) compared to mice on the standard Altromin diet (60.6%, n = 33). Surprisingly, gluten+ diet also prevented diabetes incidence, even at the level found with the gluten-free diet (p < 0.0001, 5.9%, n = 34). The minority of mice, which developed diabetes on all the three diabetes-protective (gluten+, gluten-free, Pregestimil) diets, did that slightly later compared to those on the standard diet. Lower insulitis score compared to control mice was found in non-diabetic NOD mice on the gluten-free, and to a lesser extent also gluten+ and Pregestimil diets. No substantial differences in the number of CD3(+), TCR-gamma delta(+), and IgA(+) cells in the small intestine were documented.Conclusions Gluten+ diet prevents diabetes in NOD mice at the level found with the non-purified gluten-free diet. Possible mechanisms of the enigmatic, dual effect of dietary gluten on the development of T1D are discussed. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.