Remarkable development of diving performance and migrations of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) during their first year of life
Remarkable development of diving performance and migrations of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) during their first year of life
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DOI：
10.1007/s00300-009-0718-y
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Blix, Arnoldus S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Folkow, Lars P.;Nordoy, Erling S.;Blix, Arnoldus S.
新生的冠海豹（Cystophora cristata）比成年海豹具有更小的重量比氧气储存，但还不知道这如何影响它们的潜水行为。在这里，我们提出的数据的潜水行为和迁移的七个断奶的连帽海豹幼崽的格陵兰海股票在其生命的第一年，收集使用卫星遥测。幼仔在标记后1-2天开始潜水，在25-398天的跟踪期内，它们以类似于成年人的方式分散在格陵兰岛和挪威海的广阔区域。4 - 5月的潜水深度和持续时间的初始发展迅速，幼仔在3周龄内达到> 100 m的深度和> 15 min的潜水时间。在初夏（5月至6月），这种发展暂时停止，在整个秋季和冬季恢复，在此期间，最大深度和持续时间分别达到> 700米和> 30分钟。深度和持续时间显着相关的年龄/季节，位置和一天中的时间。在初夏的潜水行为，相对较浅，潜水时间较短，没有昼夜变化，类似于成年人，可能反映了猎物的垂直分布，而不是生理限制。潜水的幼崽，但浅，短于成年人，但相对于身体质量都戴帽海豹幼崽和成年人显示出显着的潜水能力，使该物种特别适合研究的防御机制，对缺氧的侮辱哺乳动物。
Newborn hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) have smaller weight-specific oxygen stores than adults, but nothing is known about how this affects their diving behaviour. Here, we present data on the diving behaviour and migrations of seven weaned hooded seal pups of the Greenland Sea stock during their first year of life, as collected by use of satellite telemetry. The pups started diving 1-2 days after tagging, and during a tracking period of 25-398 days they dispersed over vast areas of the Greenland and Norwegian Seas in a manner similar to adults. The initial development of diving depths and durations in April-May was rapid, and pups reached depths of > 100 m and dived for > 15 min within 3 weeks of age. During early summer (May-June) this development was temporarily discontinued, to be resumed throughout autumn and winter, during which time maximum depths and durations of > 700 m and > 30 min, respectively, were reached. Depths and durations were significantly related to age/season, location and time of day. The dive behaviour in early summer, with relatively shallow and short dives without diurnal variations, resembles that of adults and probably reflects the vertical distribution of prey rather than physiological constraints. Dives of pups were nevertheless shallower and shorter than those of adults, but relative to body mass both hooded seal pups and adults display a remarkable diving capacity which makes the species particularly suited for studies of defence mechanisms against hypoxia insult in mammals.