Offshore green hydrogen production from wind energy: Critical review and perspective
Offshore green hydrogen production from wind energy: Critical review and perspective
复制标题
海上风能绿色制氢：评论与展望
DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2024.114320
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发表时间：
2024-05
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Shanmugam Ramakrishnan;Mostafa Delpisheh;Caillean Convery;Daniel Niblett;Mohanraj Vinothkannan;Mohamed Mamlou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shanmugam Ramakrishnan;Mostafa Delpisheh;Caillean Convery;Daniel Niblett;Mohanraj Vinothkannan;Mohamed Mamlou
预计氢将在我们未来的能源系统脱碳方面发挥重要作用。氢气非常适合储存更长时间的可再生能源，从而加强能源安全。它可以用来提供电力、可再生热、为长途运输、航运和航空提供动力，并用于几个工业过程的脱碳。通过电解法从可再生能源生产绿色氢气的成本主要由所用电力成本决定。利用深海风能生产氢气是一种有希望的解决方案，可以大规模释放负担得起的电解氢。深水近海位置可以使风力发电的容量系数增加到60%-70%，是陆上位置的4-5倍。在某些情况下，氢可能是将产生的能量输送到陆地上的最佳载体。本文讨论了海上风能和海水电解制氢面临的机遇和挑战。本文比较了海水直接进料和反渗透去离子水进料和闪蒸系统运行时电解系统的整体效率、成本和寿命。在短期和中期内，建议安装带有离子交换器的反渗透装置来为电解液提供燃料，而不是直接使用海水。
Hydrogen is envisaged to play a major role in decarbonizing our future energy systems. Hydrogen is ideal for storing renewable energy over longer durations, strengthening energy security. It can be used to provide electricity, renewable heat, power long-haul transport, shipping, and aviation, and in decarbonizing several industrial processes. The cost of green hydrogen produced from renewable via electrolysis is dominated by the cost of electricity used. Operating electrolyzers only during periods of low electricity prices will limit production capacity and underutilize high investment costs in electrolyzer plants. Hydrogen production from deep offshore wind energy is a promising solution to unlock affordable electrolytic hydrogen at scale. Deep offshore locations can result in an increased capacity factor of generated wind power to 60–70%, 4–5 times that of onshore locations. Dedicated wind farms for electrolysis can use the majority >80% of the produced energy to generate economical hydrogen. In some scenarios, hydrogen can be the optimal carrier to transport the generated energy onshore. This review discusses the opportunities and challenges in offshore hydrogen production using electrolysis from wind energy and seawater. This includes the impact of site selection, size of the electrolyzer, and direct use of seawater without deionization. The review compares overall electrolysis system efficiency, cost, and lifetime when operating with direct seawater feed and deionized water feed using reverse osmosis and flash evaporation systems. In the short to medium term, it is advised to install a reverse osmosis plant with an ion exchanger to feed the electrolysis instead of using seawater directly.