Use of salt by elk in Idaho.
Use of salt by elk in Idaho.
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/3798437
复制
发表时间：
1965-04
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Paul D. Dalke;Robert D. Beeman;Frederic J. Kindel;R. Robel;T. Williams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paul D. Dalke;Robert D. Beeman;Frederic J. Kindel;R. Robel;T. Williams
1955~1960年间，对爱达荷州落基山地麋鹿(Cervus Candensis Nelsoni)的盐分管理进行了研究。在以多肉饲料喂养了2-3周后，麋鹿在5月份出现了盐饥饿。麋鹿使用人工盐地的程度主要取决于它们所在的位置，包括所需的植被、海拔、该地区迁徙动物的数量、盐分的存在以及牲畜的干扰程度。对盐的最大需求涵盖了5月底和6月初的一段时间。在盐渍土壤得到明显利用之前，人造盐块就被消耗掉了。在对16个样品的泉水进行化学分析时，泉水中携带的钠似乎是吸引麋鹿的元素。舔水的物理特征似乎与它的使用没有关系。在计算机上对水和土壤中的五种元素，重碳酸盐和硫酸盐，以及可溶盐总量、pH和水温进行了190个相关分析。19个相关性达到极显著水平，8个达到显著水平。在五口水中，唯一异常大量出现的元素是氟，超过了6ppm。由于这些天然的舔食只在春季和初夏使用，氟对大型猎物健康的影响尚不确定。只有在盐块存在的情况下，才能通过在附近放置盐块来驱散天然软体中的麋鹿。当没有牛的时候，为牛建立的盐地被麋鹿大量使用。放在夏季牧场的盐分并没有诱导麋鹿在冬季牧场停留更长时间或更早离开。在研究的盐渍部分和非盐渍部分之间，没有发现在冬季范围内麋鹿迁徙到更高海拔的速度有显著差异
The use of salt in the management of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) in Idaho was investigated in 1955-60. Salt hunger developed in elk during May after they had been feeding on succulent forage for 2-3 weeks. The degree to which artificial salt grounds were used by elk depended chiefly on their location in respect to desired vegetation, elevation, number of migrant animals in the area, the existence of salt, and the amount of disturbance by livestock. Maximum desire for salt covered a period in late May and early June. Artificial salt blocks were consumed before there was a noticeable use of the salt-impregnated soil. In the chemical analysis of spring water from 16 samples, sodium carried in the spring waters seems to be the element attracting elk. The physical characteristics of water issuing from the licks appeared to have no relationship to its use. One hundred ninety correlations were run on the computer of five elements, bicarbonate, and sulphate in both water and soil at the natural licks, along with total soluble salts, pH, and water temperatures. Nineteen correlations were highly significant, and eight were significant. The only element that appeared in abnormally large quantities at five lick waters was fluorine, which exceeded 6 ppm. Since these natural licks were utilized only during the spring and early summer, the effects that fluoride may have on the health of big game was not determined. Dispersal of elk from natural licks by placing salt blocks in the vicinity was effective only as long as the salt blocks were present. Salt grounds established for cattle were used considerably by elk when cattle were not present. Salt placed on summer range did not induce elk to remain longer or to leave winter range earlier. No significant differences could be detected in the rate of elk movements to higher elevations from the winter range between salted and unsalted portions of the study