Beyond Purple Tomatoes: Combined Strategies Targeting Anthocyanins to Generate Crimson, Magenta, and Indigo Fruit
Beyond Purple Tomatoes: Combined Strategies Targeting Anthocyanins to Generate Crimson, Magenta, and Indigo Fruit
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DOI：
10.3390/horticulturae7090327
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发表时间：
2021-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Martin, Cathie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butelli, Eugenio;Bulling, Katharina;Martin, Cathie
许多花和水果的颜色范围很大程度上是由于所产生的花青素类型的变化。B环上的羟基化程度影响这些颜料的色调，导致从可见光谱的橙子端向蓝色端移动。除了颜色，这种修饰还可以影响花青素的其他特性，包括保护植物免受不同压力的能力，或者当包含在人类饮食中时，为疾病预防提供益处。B环的羟基化水平由两种关键羟基化酶F3 ' H和F3 ' 5 ' H的活性以及DFR（在生物合成途径中作用于下游的酶）的底物偏好决定。我们表明，在番茄中，基于三个调控基因（AmDel，AmRos1，AtMYB12）和一个单一的生物合成基因（AmDFR）的水果特异性工程的策略，以及一个特定的突变（f3 ' 5 ' h）的可用性，导致产生三个不同的品种，产生高水平的花青素与不同水平的羟基化。这些番茄显示出独特的颜色，并模仿天然浆果中发现的花青素类，从而为不同的研究提供了独特的近等基因材料。
The range of colours of many flowers and fruits is largely due to variations in the types of anthocyanins produced. The degree of hydroxylation on the B-ring affects the hue of these pigments, causing a shift from the orange end of the visible spectrum to the blue end. Besides colour, this modification can also affect other properties of anthocyanins, including the ability to protect the plant against different stresses or, when included in the human diet, to provide benefits for disease prevention. The level of hydroxylation of the B-ring is determined by the activity of two key hydroxylases, F3 ' H and F3 ' 5 ' H, and by the substrate preference of DFR, an enzyme acting downstream in the biosynthetic pathway. We show that, in tomato, a strategy based on fruit-specific engineering of three regulatory genes (AmDel, AmRos1, AtMYB12) and a single biosynthetic gene (AmDFR), together with the availability of a specific mutation (f3 ' 5 ' h), results in the generation of three different varieties producing high levels of anthocyanins with different levels of hydroxylation. These tomatoes show distinctive colours and mimic the classes of anthocyanins found in natural berries, thus providing unique near-isogenic material for different studies.