Promoting food security and enhancing Nigeria's small farmers' income through value-added processing of lesser-known and under-utilized indigenous fruits and vegetables
Promoting food security and enhancing Nigeria's small farmers' income through value-added processing of lesser-known and under-utilized indigenous fruits and vegetables
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foodres.2015.06.003
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Aworh, O. Charles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aworh, O. Charles
在尼日利亚和其他非洲国家，有数百种鲜为人知的本土作物以及从野外采集的其他食用植物，它们有助于粮食安全，并在人民特别是农村人口的营养方面发挥重要作用。这些本土作物和野生食用植物很少受到研究关注或推广活动，在很大程度上被国际科学主流忽视，包括各种野生本土水果和蔬菜，这些水果和蔬菜丰富了农村人口的饮食，不需要很少的护理和使用昂贵的农业投入，如化肥、除草剂和杀虫剂，就可以茁壮成长。其中有许多尼日利亚树木的果实，它们要么在雨林和林地稀树草原地带野生生长，要么在小型复合农场种植。这些新鲜食用的水果含有丰富的营养，包括抗坏血酸、维生素A原类胡萝卜素、矿物质和有益于健康的营养食品。有必要促进许多这些本土果树的种植和利用，包括非洲红星苹果树、非洲芒果树、非洲或土生土长的梨树和猪李，这些果树也具有相当大的环境意义，并保护它们免受导致砍伐森林的无节制砍伐活动的影响。实验室研究表明，使用适合小规模商业生产的简单程序，包括渗透脱水、开壶式果酱制作工艺和机械浸汁和热水杀菌，可以从几种鲜为人知和未得到充分利用的尼日利亚水果和蔬菜中生产出优质的水果皮革、果酱、果汁和其他饮料，这些水果和蔬菜包括非洲星苹果(C.albium)、非洲芒果(I.gabonensis)、猪李(S.Mombin)、罗望子(Tamarinds Indica)和玫瑰(HiBiscus Sabdariffa)。消除小型食品工业发展的制约因素，包括电力供应不足、使用不适当的技术、营运资金不足、利率高以及获得银行和其他金融机构的渠道有限，将促进农村社区这些增值食品的商业生产，从而减少收获后的损失，促进粮食安全，增加小农户的收入，促进农村的可持续发展。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
In Nigeria and other African countries, there are hundreds of lesser-known indigenous crops as well as other food plants gathered from the wild that contribute to food security and play vital roles in the nutrition of the people particularly the rural populace. These native crops and wild food plants that have received little research attention or extension activities and have been largely neglected by the mainstream of international science include a wide variety of wild indigenous fruits and vegetables that enrich the diet of the rural populace and could thrive with little care and without the use of costly agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides. Among them are numerous fruits of Nigerian trees that grow wild in the rain forest and the woodland savanna zones or are cultivated on small, compound farms. These fruits that are consumed fresh are rich sources of nutrients including ascorbic add, provitamin A carotenoids, minerals and nutraceuticals with health-promoting benefits. There is the need to promote the cultivation and utilization of many of these indigenous fruit trees including African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum), African mango (Irvingia gabonensis), African or native pear (Dacryodes edulis) and hog plum (Spondias mombin) that are also of considerable environmental significance and protect them from uncontrolled wood felling activities that result in deforestation. Laboratory studies have shown that good quality fruit leathers, jams, juices and other drinks can be produced from several lesser-known and under-utilized Nigerian fruits and vegetables including African star apple (C. albidum), African mango (I. gabonensis), hog plum (S. mombin), tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) using simple procedures suitable for small-scale commercial production including osmotic dehydration, open-kettle jam-making process and mechanical juice extraction followed by hot water pasteurization. Removing the constraints to the development of small-scale food industries which include inadequate electricity supply, use of inappropriate technology, inadequate working capital, high interest rates, and limited access to banks and other financial institutions would facilitate commercial production of these value-added foods in rural communities thereby reducing post-harvest losses, promoting food security, enhancing small farmers' income and contributing to sustainable rural development. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.