Antioxidant defence mechanisms: From the beginning to the end (of the beginning)
Antioxidant defence mechanisms: From the beginning to the end (of the beginning)
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DOI：
10.1080/10715769900300841
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Halliwell, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halliwell, B
当生命第一次在地球上进化时，大气中几乎没有氧气。抗氧化剂防御机制的进化必然与光合作用和依赖氧的电子传递机制的进化密切相关。对缺乏抗氧化防御的小鼠的研究证实了MnSOD和转铁蛋白在维持健康方面的重要作用，但表明谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和CuZnSOD并不是日常生活(至少在小鼠中)所必需的。超氧化物可以通过几种机制产生细胞毒性：一种是形成羟基自由基。有很好的证据表明。在体内形成。其他重要的抗氧化剂可能包括硫氧还蛋白和除GPX以外的硒蛋白。一氧化氮可能是血管系统中一种重要的抗氧化剂。饮食衍生的抗氧化剂对维持人类健康很重要，但最近使用氧化DNA损伤的“生物标记物”的研究正在质疑β-胡萝卜素和抗坏血酸的“抗氧化剂”作用。未来研究的一个重要领域将是阐明为什么对DNA和脂质的稳态氧化损伤水平在个体之间存在如此大的差异，以及它们对人类疾病未来发展的预测价值。
When life first evolved on Earth, there was little oxygen in the atmosphere. Evolution of antioxidant defences must have been closely associated with the evolution of photosynthesis and of O-2-dependent electron transport mechanisms. Studies with mice lacking antioxidant defences confirm the important roles of MnSOD and transferrin in maintaining health, but show that glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and CuZnSOD are not essential for everyday life (at least in mice). Superoxide can be cytotoxic by several mechanisms: one is the formation of hydroxyl radicals. There is good evidence that OH. formation occurs in vivo. Other important antioxidants may include thioredoxin, and selenoproteins other than GPX. Nitric oxide may be an important antioxidant in the vascular system. Diet-derived antioxidants are important in maintaining human health, but recent studies employing "biomarkers" of oxidative DNA damage are questioning the "antioxidant" roles of beta-carotene and ascorbate. An important area of future research will be elucidation of the reasons why levels of steady-state oxidative damage to DNA and lipids vary so much between individuals, and their predictive value for the later development of human disease.