Selecting for Tolerance against Pathogens and Herbivores to Enhance Success of Reintroduction and Translocation
Selecting for Tolerance against Pathogens and Herbivores to Enhance Success of Reintroduction and Translocation
复制标题
选择对病原体和食草动物的耐受性以提高放归和易位的成功率
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Jason Rohr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Matthew D. Venesky;JOSEPH R. MENDELSON III;B. Sears;P. Stiling;Jason Rohr
翻译后摘要：一些物种对气候变化，新出现的传染病和非本地物种的防御能力不足，因为他们没有暴露在这些因素在他们的进化历史，这可以降低他们的持久性的可能性。 圈养繁殖计划有时用于将个体重新引入野外;然而，成功的圈养繁殖和重新引入可能很困难，因为物种或种群在没有人工选择的情况下通常无法与非本地病原体和食草动物共存。在圈养繁殖计划中，育种者可以选择防止或减少病原体或草食动物负担的宿主防御（即，抗性）或限制寄生或食草性对宿主适合性的影响的性状（即，公差）。我们建议，选择宿主耐受性可能会提高成功的再引入或易位，因为耐受主机一般有中性的影响，引进的病原体和草食动物。释放抗性宿主会对其天敌产生不利影响，促进快速进化以规避宿主抗性，这可能会降低重新引入或转移物种的长期持续性。我们研究了2个案例研究，一个是关于致病性两栖动物壶菌（Batrachochytrium dendrobaeum [Bd]），另一个是关于美国的食草性仙人掌蛾（Cactoblastis cactorum），在美国，它不是本地的。 在每一个案例研究中，我们提供了如何圈养育种和管理人员可以去选择宿主耐受性的建议。选择耐受性可能提供一种有前途的工具，可以从入侵性天敌以及与气候变化引起的范围变化相关的新天敌中拯救宿主物种。
Abstract: Some species have insufficient defenses against climate change, emerging infectious diseases, and non‐native species because they have not been exposed to these factors over their evolutionary history, and this can decrease their likelihood of persistence. Captive breeding programs are sometimes used to reintroduce individuals back into the wild; however, successful captive breeding and reintroduction can be difficult because species or populations often cannot coexist with non‐native pathogens and herbivores without artificial selection. In captive breeding programs, breeders can select for host defenses that prevent or reduce pathogen or herbivore burden (i.e., resistance) or traits that limit the effects of parasitism or herbivory on host fitness (i.e., tolerance). We propose that selection for host tolerance may enhance the success of reintroduction or translocation because tolerant hosts generally have neutral effects on introduced pathogens and herbivores. The release of resistant hosts would have detrimental effects on their natural enemies, promoting rapid evolution to circumvent the host resistance that may reduce the long‐term probability of persistence of the reintroduced or translocated species. We examined 2 case studies, one on the pathogenic amphibian chytrid fungus ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]) and the other on the herbivorous cactus moth ( Cactoblastis cactorum) in the United States, where it is not native. In each case study, we provide recommendations for how captive breeders and managers could go about selecting for host tolerance. Selecting for tolerance may offer a promising tool to rescue hosts species from invasive natural enemies as well as new natural enemies associated with climate change‐induced range shifts.