Dynamics in the global protected-area estate since 2004
Dynamics in the global protected-area estate since 2004
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DOI：
10.1111/cobi.13056
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Burgess, Neil D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewis, Edward;MacSharry, Brian;Burgess, Neil D.
世界各国已承诺为应对全球环境挑战制定一系列目标和指标。几个世纪以来，保护区一直是保护的关键战略，在应对当前挑战方面发挥着重要作用。用于跟踪保护区承诺进展的最重要工具是世界保护区数据库（WDPA）。对世界保护区的定期评估显示，在过去20年里，保护区的数量稳步增长。然而，目前的方法使用的是最新版本的WDPA，不能显示保护区随时间变化的真实动态性质，也不能提供从WDPA中删除的地点的信息。在现实中，这种方法只能显示增长或保持稳定。我们使用GIS工具评估保护区随时间变化的方法，该方法基于12个时间上不同的WDPA版本，这些版本量化了2004年至2016年每年从WDPA中增加和减少的面积。无论是保护区持续增长的说法，还是保护区被移除的反说法，都过于简单化了。前者是因为增长几乎完全在海洋领域，后者是因为一些被移除的区域在后来的几年里得到了重新保护。WDPA平均每年增加250万公里(2)，减少110万公里(2)。将保护区列入和删除WDPA数据库的部分原因是数据质量问题，但也与实地变化有关。到2020年，爱知生物多样性目标11的保护区组成部分为17%，而2016年为14.7%，要实现这一目标，要么必须降低保护区的移除率，要么必须增加保护区的指定和增加率。
Nations of the world have committed to a number of goals and targets to address global environmental challenges. Protected areas have for centuries been a key strategy in conservation and play a major role in addressing current challenges. The most important tool used to track progress on protected-area commitments is the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). Periodic assessments of the world's protected-area estate show steady growth over the last 2 decades. However, the current method, which uses the latest version of the WDPA, does not show the true dynamic nature of protected areas over time and does not provide information on sites removed from the WDPA. In reality, this method can only show growth or remain stable. We used GIS tools in an approach to assess protected-area change over time based on 12 temporally distinct versions of the WDPA that quantify area added and removed from the WDPA annually from 2004 to 2016. Both the narrative of continual growth of protected area and the counter-narrative of protected area removal were overly simplistic. The former because growth was almost entirely in the marine realm and the latter because some areas removed were reprotected in later years. On average 2.5 million km(2) was added to the WDPA annually and 1.1 million km(2) was removed. Reasons for the inclusion and removal of protected areas in the WDPA database were in part due to data-quality issues but also to on-the-ground changes. To meet the 17% protected-area component of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 by 2020, which stood at 14.7% in 2016, either the rate of protected-area removal must decrease or the rate of protected-area designation and addition to the WDPA must increase.