Autonomic control of the eye.
Autonomic control of the eye.
复制标题
对眼睛的自主控制。
DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c140014
复制
发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Gamlin PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McDougal DH;Gamlin PD
自主神经系统影响许多眼部功能。这是通过来自睫状神经节和翼腭神经节神经元的节后纤维的副交感神经支配和来自颈上神经节神经元的节后纤维的交感神经支配来实现的。睫状神经节神经元投射到睫状体和虹膜的瞳孔括约肌，分别控制眼睛的调节和瞳孔的收缩。颈上神经节神经元投射到虹膜扩张器的瞳孔肌肉以控制瞳孔的扩张。通过对视神经、脉络膜、睫状体和虹膜血管系统的直接自主神经影响以及通过对视网膜血流的间接影响来控制眼血流。在哺乳动物中，这种血管系统由来自翼腭神经节的血管扩张纤维和来自颈上神经节的血管收缩纤维支配。眼内压主要通过房水形成和流出的平衡来调节。睫状体血管和睫状体上皮的自主调节是房水形成的重要决定因素；小梁网和巩膜上血管的自主调节是房水流出的重要决定因素。这些组织均由来自翼腭神经节和颈上神经节的纤维支配。除了这些经典的自主神经通路外，三叉神经感觉纤维还对眼睛的许多区域以及睫状神经节和翼腭神经节内的一些神经元产生局部的、内在的影响。
The autonomic nervous system influences numerous ocular functions. It does this by way of parasympathetic innervation from postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia, and by way of sympathetic innervation from postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the superior cervical ganglion. Ciliary ganglion neurons project to the ciliary body and the sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris to control ocular accommodation and pupil constriction, respectively. Superior cervical ganglion neurons project to the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris to control pupil dilation. Ocular blood flow is controlled both via direct autonomic influences on the vasculature of the optic nerve, choroid, ciliary body, and iris, as well as via indirect influences on retinal blood flow. In mammals, this vasculature is innervated by vasodilatory fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion, and by vasoconstrictive fibers from the superior cervical ganglion. Intraocular pressure is regulated primarily through the balance of aqueous humor formation and outflow. Autonomic regulation of ciliary body blood vessels and the ciliary epithelium is an important determinant of aqueous humor formation; autonomic regulation of the trabecular meshwork and episcleral blood vessels is an important determinant of aqueous humor outflow. These tissues are all innervated by fibers from the pterygopalatine and superior cervical ganglia. In addition to these classical autonomic pathways, trigeminal sensory fibers exert local, intrinsic influences on many of these regions of the eye, as well as on some neurons within the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia.