Explaining son preference in rural India: the independent role of structural versus individual factors
Explaining son preference in rural India: the independent role of structural versus individual factors
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DOI：
10.1007/s11113-006-9017-2
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Astone, Nan Marie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pande, Rohini P.;Astone, Nan Marie
对重男轻女的人口学表现，特别是女孩死亡率过高的问题进行了大量研究;但是，对重男轻女本身的研究较少。本文分析了印度农村男孩偏好的决定因素。我们分开的独立，相对的影响，个别妇女和她们的家庭，妇女和村庄的发展，社会规范和村庄的机会的特点。我们关注社会经济和社会文化变量。最后，我们研究是否预测儿子偏好不同的理想家庭规模。我们的数据来自1992-1993年印度全国家庭健康调查（NFHS）。我们使用一个有序的logit模型，与虚拟变量的居住状态。我们的分析表明，妇女的教育，特别是在中等和高等教育水平，是一贯和显着相关的较弱的儿子的偏好，无论理想的家庭规模。一旦将婚姻习俗、种姓和宗教等衡量社会规范的因素包括在内，家庭或村庄一级的经济财富和妇女就业就不重要了。媒体接触仍然很重要，这表明“现代化”思想的影响。在社会因素中，种姓和宗教与重男轻女有关，但是，一旦控制住居住国，婚姻模式和教养模式就不重要了。男孩偏好的强度和意义的许多决定因素不同的理想的家庭规模。我们的研究结果表明，寻求影响儿子偏好的政策制定者需要确定并针对不同生育率和社会背景下的妇女使用不同的政策杠杆，而不是尝试一种适合所有人的方法。
Much research has been done on demographic manifestations of son preference, particularly girls' excess mortality; however, there is less research that focuses on son preference itself. This paper analyzes the determinants of son preference in rural India. We separate the independent, relative effects of characteristics of individual women and their households, village opportunities for women and village development, and social norms. We look at both socioeconomic and sociocultural variables. Finally, we examine whether predictors of son preference differ by desired family size. Our data come from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) India, 1992-1993. We use an ordered logit model, with dummy variables for state of residence. Our analysis shows that women's education, particularly at secondary and higher levels, is consistently and significantly associated with weaker son preference, regardless of desired family size. Once factors measuring social norms, such as marriage customs, caste and religion, are included, economic wealth and women's employment at household or village levels are not significant. Media access remains significant, suggesting an influence of "modernizing" ideas. Among social factors, caste and religion are associated with son preference but, once state of residence is controlled for, marriage patterns and cultivation patterns are insignificant. The strength and significance for son preference of many determinants differs by desired family size. Our results suggest that policy makers seeking to influence son preference need to identify and target different policy levers to women in different fertility and social contexts, rather than try an approach of one size that fits all.