Newly revealed cricothyropharyngeus muscle in the human laryngopharynx.
Newly revealed cricothyropharyngeus muscle in the human laryngopharynx.
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新发现的人类喉咽部的环甲咽肌。
DOI：
10.1002/ar.20727
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sanders,Ira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mu,Liancai;Sanders,Ira
人类有独特弯曲的咽部和舌头，据信是为了说话而进化的。咽的最下部由喉咽组成，是吞咽、呼吸和发声重叠的关键十字路口。我们假设人类喉咽具有独特的神经肌肉特化，可能与言语相关。研究人员对来自 15 名人类和 20 名非人类哺乳动物（狗、猪、兔子和大鼠）的喉咽标本进行了研究。显微解剖显示，只有人类标本有一块源自环状软骨前弓的肌肉，在下咽缩肌和环咽肌之间行进，插入咽后中线的中缝。根据这些解剖学特征，我们将其称为“环甲咽肌”（CTP）。通过组织学方法、Sihler 染色和肌球蛋白重链 (MHC) 免疫细胞化学进一步研究了人 CTP 的结构、神经支配和肌纤维类型。研究发现 CTP 的神经支配和肌纤维类型与邻近肌肉不同。 CTP 的喉部由喉外上神经支配，而肌肉的咽部由咽丛支配。最值得注意的是，CTP 包含表达一些不寻常的 MHC 同种型（即慢速强直、α-心脏、新生儿和胚胎）的特殊肌纤维。总之，CTP 似乎是一种新描述的、独特的人类肌肉，其特征表明其具有可能与言语相关的特殊功能。 Anat Rec，291:927–938，2008。© 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Humans have a uniquely curved pharynx and tongue that is believed to have evolved for speech. The most inferior part of the pharynx consists of the laryngopharynx, the critical crossroad where swallowing, breathing, and phonation overlap. We hypothesized that the human laryngopharynx has unique neuromuscular specializations that may be speech related. Laryngopharynx specimens from 15 humans and 20 nonhuman mammals (dog, pig, rabbit, and rat) were studied. Microdissection revealed that only human specimens had a muscle originating from the anterior arch of the cricoid cartilage, and coursing between the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricopharyngeus muscles to insert into the median raphe at the posterior midline of the pharynx. On the basis of these anatomic features, we termed it the “cricothyropharyngeus” (CTP). The structure, innervation, and muscle fiber types of the human CTP were further investigated by histological methods, Sihler's stain, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) immunocytochemistry. The innervation and muscle fiber types of the CTP were found to differ from those of neighboring muscles. The laryngeal portion of the CTP was innervated by the external superior laryngeal nerve, whereas the pharyngeal portion of the muscle was supplied by the pharyngeal plexus. Most notable was that the CTP contained specialized muscle fibers expressing some unusual MHC isoforms (i.e., slow‐tonic, α‐cardiac, neonatal, and embryonic). In conclusion, the CTP appears to be a newly described and uniquely human muscle with characteristics suggesting a specialized function that may be speech related. Anat Rec, 291:927–938, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.