Ocean acidification and rising temperatures may increase biofilm primary productivity but decrease grazer consumption
Ocean acidification and rising temperatures may increase biofilm primary productivity but decrease grazer consumption
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2012.0438
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发表时间：
2013-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Russell;S. Connell;H. Findlay;K. Tait;S. Widdicombe;N. Mieszkowska
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Russell;S. Connell;H. Findlay;K. Tait;S. Widdicombe;N. Mieszkowska
由于初级生产者和消费者对二氧化碳和温度的增加作出不同的反应，气候变化可能导致生态系统发生营养结构调整。本研究采用了一种综合的方法，使用受控的微观实验，调查的综合影响CO2和温度的潮间带系统的关键组成部分，在英国，生物膜和他们的消费者（Littorina littorea）。此外，为了确定预先暴露于实验条件是否会改变实验结果，我们明确测试了对L的差异效应。在实验条件下预暴露两周和五个月的littorea。与基于代谢理论的预测相反，在五周的时间内，高温和二氧化碳的结合导致食草动物消耗的初级生产力减少，而生物膜的丰度增加。然而，长期预先暴露于实验条件（5个月）改变了这种影响，这些动物的放牧率大于仅暴露两周的动物。我们认为，未来的生态系统的结构可能无法预测，由于暴露时间和长期在人工环境中的影响的潜在混杂效应，仅使用短期实验室实验。因此，可能需要将实验室（生理反应）和大型长期实验（生态系统反应）结合起来，以充分预测气候变化的复杂和相互作用的影响，因为生物体可能会在较长时间内适应各种条件。
Climate change may cause ecosystems to become trophically restructured as a result of primary producers and consumers responding differently to increasing CO2 and temperature. This study used an integrative approach using a controlled microcosm experiment to investigate the combined effects of CO2 and temperature on key components of the intertidal system in the UK, biofilms and their consumers (Littorina littorea). In addition, to identify whether pre-exposure to experimental conditions can alter experimental outcomes we explicitly tested for differential effects on L. littorea pre-exposed to experimental conditions for two weeks and five months. In contrast to predictions based on metabolic theory, the combination of elevated temperature and CO2 over a five-week period caused a decrease in the amount of primary productivity consumed by grazers, while the abundance of biofilms increased. However, long-term pre-exposure to experimental conditions (five months) altered this effect, with grazing rates in these animals being greater than in animals exposed only for two weeks. We suggest that the structure of future ecosystems may not be predictable using short-term laboratory experiments alone owing to potentially confounding effects of exposure time and effects of being held in an artificial environment over prolonged time periods. A combination of laboratory (physiology responses) and large, long-term experiments (ecosystem responses) may therefore be necessary to adequately predict the complex and interactive effects of climate change as organisms may acclimate to conditions over the longer term.