Sex Differences in Stress Reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test in Virtual Reality.
Sex Differences in Stress Reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test in Virtual Reality.
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DOI：
10.2147/prbm.s268039
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Zhang W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu Q;Zhang W
本研究的目的有两个：1)检验以安慰剂为对照的虚拟现实版Trier社会压力测试(TSST-VR)的效果；2)描述TSST-VR后心理生理反应的性别差异。健康青年男性(n=30)和女性(n=30)被随机分配到心理社会应激协议条件或非应激控制条件(安慰剂)，也在虚拟现实环境(VR)下。在整个条件下测量皮肤电活动(EDA)、心率(HR)和心率变异性(HRV)。采用视觉模拟评定量表(VAS)对患者在治疗前后的应激反应进行评定。我们还包括情绪状态和应对方式的主观量表。不同的方差分析显示，VR后，应激组的VAS得分高于非应激组。VR前，男性较女性EDA更强，心率变异性更高。在VR条件下，男性的心率较低。VR后，男性心率仍低于女性，但心率变异性高于女性。最后，主观反应性和客观反应性之间的相关性表明，实验期间的心率变异性与抑郁和消极情绪呈负相关。VR后HRV与积极应对呈负相关，与抑郁呈正相关。这些发现表明，TSST-VR可以作为一个有效的工具，在实验环境中测试性别差异对心理社会应激诱导的影响。与女性相比，男性对压力更敏感。应激诱导前的抑郁、消极情绪和积极应对得分可以预测交感神经系统在应激状态下的唤醒。
The aims of the present study were twofold: 1) to examine the effects of a virtual reality version of Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR) using a placebo as the control condition; 2) to delineate sex differences in psychophysiological responses following the TSST-VR. Healthy young male (n = 30) and female (n = 30) undergraduates were randomly assigned to a psychosocial stress protocol condition or to a non-stressful control condition (placebo) also under virtual reality environment (VR). Electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured throughout the condition. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the perceived stress before and after the condition. We also included subjective scales of emotional states and coping. Different ANOVAs showed that after VR, the stress group reported higher scores on VAS than the non-stress group. Before VR, compared with females, the males showed stronger EDA and higher HRV. Under VR, the males had lower HR. After VR, the males’ HR was still lower than females’, but their HRV was higher than females’. Finally, the correlation between subjective and objective reactivity demonstrated that HRV during the experiment was negatively correlated to depression and negative affect. The HRV after VR was negatively correlated to the positive coping but was positively correlated to the depression. These findings suggest that the TSST-VR could be used as an available tool for testing sex differences to psychosocial stress induction in experimental settings. Compared with females, males were more sensitive to stress. The scores on depression, negative affect and positive coping before the stress induction may be able to predict the arousal of the sympathetic nervous system across the stress situations.