Preparatory template activation during feature versus singleton search
Preparatory template activation during feature versus singleton search
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特征搜索与单例搜索期间的准备模板激活
DOI：
10.1167/jov.22.14.3598
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Grubert A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grubert A
对由特定特征定义的目标对象的视觉搜索可以通过在搜索之前激活的注意模板自上而下地控制，并随后对视野中的模板匹配事件进行偏差选择。相反，当目标是可以根据其物理（自下而上）显着性进行选择的特征单例时，则不需要这样的指导模板。然而，尚不清楚在单例搜索期间注意力引导是否纯粹是反应性的，或者参与者是否仍然主动为即将到来的搜索显示做准备。我们在任务中比较了特征引导和单例搜索期间的搜索准备，其中观察者分别在具有五个均匀灰色项目的圆形搜索显示中搜索预定义的目标颜色对象（红色）或颜色单例（红色或绿色）。搜索显示每 1600 毫秒呈现一次。为了评估搜索准备期间的模板激活，在连续的搜索显示之间每 200 毫秒呈现一个连续的圆形探针显示流（持续时间 50 毫秒）。这些显示器要么包含目标颜色，要么包含与任务无关的干扰颜色单例。 N2pc 成分（注意力捕获的电生理标记）是针对搜索显示之间不同时间位置的探针单独测量的。在特征搜索过程中，只有模板匹配的目标颜色探针才会触发 N2pcs，而干扰颜色探针则不会，这表明特征选择性模板被激活。在单例搜索任务中，目标颜色探针和干扰颜色探针都触发了 N2pc 组件，表明预备注意力模板被激活，但这些模板是颜色非特异性的。第二个实验将单例搜索与异构搜索显示中具有非显着目标的特征搜索任务进行了比较，证实了这些发现。总之，这些结果表明，单例搜索中的注意力引导并不是纯粹的反应性，并且参与者在准备此类搜索任务期间激活了针对颜色不连续性的注意力模板。
Visual search for target objects defined by specific features can be top-down controlled by attentional templates that are activated prior to search and subsequently bias selection of template-matching events in the visual field. In contrast, when targets are feature singletons that can be selected based on their physical (bottom-up) salience, no such guiding templates are required. However, it is unknown whether attentional guidance is purely reactive during singleton search, or whether participants still pro-actively prepare for an upcoming search display. We compared search preparation during feature-guided and singleton search in tasks in which observers respectively searched for a pre-defined target-colour object (red) or a colour singleton (red or green) in circular search displays with five homogeneously grey items. Search displays were presented every 1600ms. To assess template activation during search preparation, a continuous stream of circular probe displays (50ms duration) was presented every 200ms between successive search displays. These displays either contained a target-colour or a task-irrelevant distractor-colour singleton. N2pc components–electrophysiological markers of attentional capture–were measured separately for probes at different temporal positions between search displays. During feature search, only template-matching target-colour probes triggered N2pcs while distractor-colour probes did not, demonstrating that a feature-selective template was activated. In the singleton search task, both target-and distractor-colour probes triggered N2pc components, indicating that preparatory attentional templates were activated, but that these templates were colour-unspecific. A second experiment that compared singleton search to a feature search task with non-salient targets in heterogeneous search displays confirmed these findings. In sum, these results show that attentional guidance in singleton search is not purely reactive, and that participants activate attentional templates for colour discontinuities during the preparation for such search tasks.