Seasonal snow cover on frozen ground: Energy balance calculations of a permafrost site near Ny‐Ålesund, Spitsbergen
Seasonal snow cover on frozen ground: Energy balance calculations of a permafrost site near Ny‐Ålesund, Spitsbergen
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冻土上的季节性积雪：斯匹次卑尔根岛尼奥勒松附近永久冻土场的能量平衡计算
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发表时间：
2003
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通讯作者：
O. Ippisch
中科院分区：
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作者：
J. Boike;K. Roth;O. Ippisch
本文应用能量平衡模型对1998年秋季至2000年冬季斯匹次卑尔根岛连续多年冻土区积雪积累和消融进行了分析。该模式包括净辐射、湍流、地面、雪和雨热通量。这种平衡产生了两种不同类型的雪消融：冬季消融和春季消融。感热和雨水输入传递的能量减少了冬季的积雪，形成了内部冰透镜和基底冰。积雪消融在春季分两个阶段进行。在第一阶段，地表融化和随后的内部冻结压缩并减少积雪，但不产生径流。这一阶段持续的时间是第二阶段的两倍多。在第二阶段，两年中都需要14天，利用能量平衡模型可以很好地表示积雪的融化速率。在这两年的春季，地面热通量具有可比性，但2000年积雪的长期持续推迟了地面的融化。由于两年春雪融化期间积雪覆盖时间较长，向地面提供的总能量显著，约占净辐射提供总能量的30% ~ 50%。
[1] We apply an energy balance model to the snow cover for snowpack accumulation and ablation at a continuous permafrost site on Spitsbergen for the snow-covered periods from fall 1998 to winter 2000. The model includes net radiative, turbulent, ground, snow, and rain heat flux. The balance yields two distinct types of snow ablation: winter and spring ablation. Energy transferred by sensible heat and rain input reduces the snow cover during the winter, creating internal ice lenses and basal ice. The snowpack ablates during spring in two stages in both years. During the first stage, surface melt and subsequent internal freezing compact and reduce the snow cover, but no runoff is produced. This phase lasts more than twice as long as the second stage. During the second stage, which takes 14 days in both years, melt rates from the snowpack are represented well using the energy balance model. Ground heat fluxes are comparable during spring in both years, but the long persistence of the snow cover in 2000 delays the thawing of the ground. Due to the duration of the snow cover during spring snow melt of both years, the total energy supplied to the ground is significant, between 30 and 50% of the total energy supplied by net radiation.